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Self-rated ability to follow instructions for four mental states described in yoga texts
Raghavendra Bhat Ramachandra,Shirley Telles,Nagendra Rama Rao Hongasandra 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2012 TANG Vol.2 No.3
There were no studies available measuring the ability to follow instructions for meditation. Hence, the present study was planned to assess the ability to follow instructions for the four mental states viz., cancalata (random thinking), ekagrata (non-meditative concentration), dharana (focused meditation) and dhyana (defocused meditation or effortless meditation) described in yoga texts. Sixty male volunteers with ages ranging from 18 to 31 years (group mean age ± S.D., 22.78 ± 2.73) participated in the study. They were assessed using a visual analog scale immediately after each of the four states on four different days. The results showed that following dharana, scores on the visual analog scale were significantly lower compared to those related to cancalata, ekagrata and dhyana. Hence, dharana is the most difficult of the four states.
V. Ramachandra Murty,Jayadev Bhat,P. K. A. Muniswaran 한국생물공학회 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.4
Experiments on deactivation kinetics of immobilized lipase enzyme from Candida cylindracea were performed in stirred batch reactor using rice bran oil as the substrate and temperature as the deactivation parameter. The data were fitted in first order deactivation model. The effect of temperature on deactivation rate was represented by Arrhenius equation. Theoretical equations were developed based on pseudo-steady state approximation and Michaelis –Menten rate expression to predict the time course of conversion due to enzyme deactivation and apparent half-life of the immobilized enzyme activity in PFR and CSTR under constant feed rate policy for no diffusion limitation and diffusion limitation of first order. Stability of enzyme in these continuous reactors was predicted and factors affecting the stability were analyzed.
Hydrolysis of Rice Bran Oil Using Immobilized Lipase in a Stirred Batch Reactor
V. Ramachandra Murty,Jayadev Bhat,P. K. A. Muniswaran 한국생물공학회 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.6
Candida cylindracea lipase was immobilized by adsorptiIt was observed that protein loading of the suport depends on the size of the particle, with smaller particle containing higher amount of protein per unit weight. Initial reaction rate linearly varied up to enzyme concentration of 17.25 U/mL. Amount of free faty acids produced was linearly proportional up to the enzyme loading of 1650 .g/g of bead. Achievement of chemical equilibrium took longer time in the case of les protein loading. Degree of hydrolysis was found to decrease in second and third consecutive batch operations on repeated use of immobilized lipase.
Hydrolysis of Oils by Using Immobilized Lipase Enzyme: A Review
V. Ramachandra Murty,Jayadev Bhat,P. K. A. Muniswaran 한국생물공학회 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.2
This review focuses on the use of immobilized lipase technology for the hydrolysis of oils. The importance of lipase catalyzed fat splitting process, the various immobilization procedures, kinetics, deactivation kinetics, New immobilized lipases for chiral resolution, reactor configurations, and process considerations are all reviewed and discussed.
Murty, V.Ramachandra,Bhat, Jayadev,Muniswaran, P.K.A. The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.4
Experiments on deactivation kinetics of immobilized lipase enzyme from Candida cyl-indracea were performed in stirred bath reactor using rice bran oil as the substrate and temperature as the deactivation parameter. The data were fitted In first order deactivation model. The effect of temperature on deactivation rate was represented by Arrhenius equation. Theoretical equations were developed based on pseudo-steady state approximation and Michaelis -Menten rate expression to predict the time course of conversion due to enzyme deactivation and apparent half-life of the immobilized enzyme activity in PFR and CSTH under constant feed rate polity for no diffusion limitation and diffusion limitation of first order. Stability of enzyme in these continuous reactors was predicted and factors affecting the stability were analyzed.
Hydrolysis of Rice Bran Oil Using Immobilized Lipase in a Stirred-Batch Reactor
Murty, V.Ramachandra,Bhat, Jayadev,Muniswaran, P.K.A. The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.6
Candida cylindracea lipase was immobilized by adsorption on acid washed glass beads. It was observed that protein loading of the support depends on the size of the particle, with smaller particle containing higher amount of protein per unit weight. Initial reaction rate linearly varied up to enzyme concentration of 17.25 U/mL. Amount of free fatty acids produced was linearly proportional up to the enzyme loading of 1650 $\mu$g/g of bead. Achievement of chemical equilibrium took longer time in the case of less protein loading. Degree of hydrolysis was found to decrease in second and third consecutive batch operations on repeated use of immobilized lipase.
Jayaprakasan, Amudha,Thangavel, Amarnath,Bhat, Lakshmishri Ramachandra,Gumpu, Manju Bhargavi,Nesakumar, Noel,Babu, K. Jayanth,Vedantham, Srinivasan,Rayappan, John Bosco Balaguru 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.1
Increased consumption of fried foods such as grilled chicken contains elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG), which is associated with diabetes mellitus. Hence, in this work, glyoxalase 1(GLO 1) based, zinc oxide (ZnO) flakes interfaced mediator free electrochemical biosensor was developed to detect MG in grilled chicken. ZnO flakes were synthesized by direct precipitation method. X-ray diffractometer and field emission scanning electron microscope were used to study the structural and morphological characteristics of ZnO flakes. The immobilization of GLO 1 on Pt/ZnO flakes modified electrode was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetric and amperometric studies were carried out using Pt/ZnO flakes/GLO 1 working electrode. The developed biosensor exhibited linear range of $0.6-2.0{\mu}M$, sensitivity of $0.281{\mu}A\;{\mu}M^{-1}$, LOD of 9 nM with a response time of <4 s and shelf life of 18 days (89%).
Amudha Jayaprakasan,Amarnath Thangavel,Lakshmishri Ramachandra Bhat,Manju Bhargavi Gumpu,Noel Nesakumar,K. Jayanth Babu,Srinivasan Vedantham,John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.1
Increased consumption of fried foods such as grilled chicken contains elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG), which is associated with diabetes mellitus. Hence, in this work, glyoxalase 1(GLO 1) based, zinc oxide (ZnO) flakes interfaced mediator free electrochemical biosensor was developed to detect MG in grilled chicken. ZnO flakes were synthesized by direct precipitation method. X-ray diffractometer and field emission scanning electron microscope were used to study the structural and morphological characteristics of ZnO flakes. The immobilization of GLO 1 on Pt/ZnO flakes modified electrode was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetric and amperometric studies were carried out using Pt/ZnO flakes/GLO 1 working electrode. The developed biosensor exhibited linear range of 0.6–2.0 lM, sensitivity of 0.281 lA lM-1, LOD of 9 nM with a response time of\4 s and shelf life of 18 days (89%).
Rifat Farzana,Ravindra Rajarao,Badekai Ramachandra Bhat,Veena Sahajwalla 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.65 No.-
Microporous activated carbon was synthesised using waste compact discs as precursor through physical activation method for supercapacitor electrode application. The activated carbon prepared at 900 °C for a time interval of 8 h showed highest surface area of 1214.25 m2 g−1. The electrochemical measurements showed that waste CDs derived activated carbon exhibited good specific capacitance, cycle stability and good rate capability compared to other waste derived activated carbon. The specific capacitance 51 F g−1 at the current density of 10 mV s−1 and energy density of 21.43 Wh kg−1 at power density 0.7 kW kg−1 was achieved in non-aqueous electrolyte.
Suba Ananthi Kumarasamy,Bijun Sai Kannadath,Sandosh Soundamourthy,Aruna Subramanian,Sankappa P Sinhasan,Ramachandra V Bhat 대한해부학회 2014 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.47 No.3
Ganglion cysts are tumor-like lesions in the soft tissues, generated by mucoid degeneration of the joint capsule, tendon or tendon sheaths on the dorsum of hand, wrist and foot. However, an intratendinous origin for a ganglion cyst is extremely rare. During dissection of the popliteal fossa, a cyst of 2.5 cm×2 cm×0.5 cm was observed in the tendon of right semimembranosus, 3.5 cm above the insertion of the muscle. Contrast X-ray revealed the cyst as not communicating with the knee joint or any adjacent bursae. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ganglion cyst.