Grounded Analysis -Going Beyond Description to Derive Theory from Qualitative Data-

Ralph S. Brower 한국정책학회 2007 한국정책학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

VOLUNTARY SECTOR ORGANIZING IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS: AN EXPLORATION OF “THIRD WAYS”

RALPH S. BROWER 한국행정학회 2011 International Review of Public Administration Vol.16 No.1

This essay introduces questions and critiques about the contemporary study of voluntary organizations in the world’s industrialized nations. In doing so it acknowledges contending models and labels, competing empirical approaches, and conflicting representations and definitions of the voluntary action at the heart of existing studies. The essay provides a brief critique of the dominant American model that stresses the demography and management of nonprofit organizations. We note the model’s potential limitations for studying voluntary organizing in developing countries and provide a cautious introduction to the civil society implications of “third way” models of governance, an approach introduced primarily from Europe. The essay concludes by introducing the four empirical studies that comprise the exploration of “third ways” from a variety of international contexts.

(Book Review) ALL YOU EVER WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT PUBLIC SECTOR LEADERSHIP – AND MORE

RALPH S. BROWER 한국행정학회 2012 International Review of Public Administration Vol.17 No.2

A “THIRD WAY” IN THE PHILIPPINES: VOLUNTARY ORGANIZING FOR A NEW DISASTER MANAGEMENT PARADIGM

RALPH S. BROWER,FRANCISCO A. MAGNO 한국행정학회 2011 International Review of Public Administration Vol.16 No.1

This study illuminates the role of civil society actors in advocating for and helping implement The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. We illustrate how these actors served as both bottom-up and top-down brokers and translators in communicating ideas and action between vulnerable communities they represent and policy actors in the Philippine national government. We situate their actions within the Philippines’ unique historical, cultural, political, and socioeconomic context, noting the significance of their policy entrepreneurship by comparison to conditions a mere 25 years earlier, when the Marcos Regime would have hunted down and killed them for their activism. We conclude with observations about important contributions that the disaster risk reduction paradigm makes to development theory, and assert the importance of political and social goals, that are often drowned out by the dominant role that economics and ownership models hold in some Western conceptions of voluntary organizing.

Building a Foundation for Qualitative Research in Korean Public Administration : Reflections from an Outsider

Ralph S. Brower 행정언어와 질적연구학회 2010 행정언어와 질적연구 Vol.1 No.1

The role of Civil Society Organizations in Peace for the Korean Peninsula: Implications for Korean Public Administration

( Ralph S. Brower ),( Donwe Choi ),( Byunghee Min ) 한국행정학회 2016 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

Disaster Intelligence: Information to Connect and Epower Governments, NGOs, and Citizens

Ralph S Brower 위기관리 이론과 실천 2016 위기관리 이론과 실천 세미나발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

In this manuscript I present a model of disaster intelligence as an aspirational model for emergency and disaster management in Western contexts. I reinforce this conceptualization of disaster intelligence with a heuristic for all-hazards disaster communications, in which traditional/local and social media forms of disaster communications are seen as supplements to official disaster communications. I advocate for enhancing our disaster data capabilities by automating the processing of social media disaster data that are not presently being fully exploited. I next apply Hilhorst’s (2004) social domains heuristic as a way of representing the competing interests and understanding of disaster science and management, disaster governance, and local participants and vulnerable populations, respectively. I then offer a series of empirical incidents of disaster communication failure that we can see as representing breakdowns among competing perspectives from the three social domains. I conclude with recommendations for practice and scholarship as ways to advance disaster communication and disaster intelligence capabilities in both Western and developing contexts. Western practitioners and scholars have advanced an increasingly coherent body of knowledge and practices for emergency and disaster management. One noteworthy juncture in that development was the creation of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) under President Jimmy Carter in 1979 (FEMA, 2010). The new agency had been directed to create diverse multi-agency and multi-level partnerships and responsibilities; following this directive, FEMA’s leaders created a “rational system of management called the Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS)” (Giuffrida, 1985, p. 2) that employed what is now the well-known four phase model of emergency management activities (see Figure 1, below).2 By the mid-1980s the four phases were common parlance in American academic and practice communities. In support of this point, it is noteworthy that a special issue of Public Administration Review in 1985 contained 22 articles dedicated to emergency and disaster management, and the four phase model is employed broadly throughout those articles.

Disaster Intelligence: Information to Connect and Epower Governments, NGOs, and Citizens

Ralph S. Brower 위기관리 이론과 실천 2016 위기관리 이론과 실천 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.08

In this manuscript I present a model of disaster intelligence as an aspirational model for emergency and disaster management in Western contexts. I reinforce this conceptualization of disaster intelligence with a heuristic for all-hazards disaster communications, in which traditional/local and social media forms of disaster communications are seen as supplements to official disaster communications. I advocate for enhancing our disaster data capabilities by automating the processing of social media disaster data that are not presently being fully exploited. I next apply Hilhorst’s (2004) social domains heuristic as a way of representing the competing interests and understanding of disaster science and management, disaster governance, and local participants and vulnerable populations, respectively. I then offer a series of empirical incidents of disaster communication failure that we can see as representing breakdowns among competing perspectives from the three social domains. I conclude with recommendations for practice and scholarship as ways to advance disaster communication and disaster intelligence capabilities in both Western and developing contexts.

Disaster Intelligence

Ralph S. Brower,David Merrick,Robert McDaniel 위기관리 이론과 실천 2018 Crisisonomy Vol.14 No.3

In this manuscript we present a model of disaster intelligence as an aspirational model for emergency and disaster management in Western contexts. We reinforce this conceptualization with a heuristic for all-hazards disaster communications, in which traditional/local and social media forms of disaster communications are seen as supplements to official disaster communications. It is important, therefore, to enhance our disaster data capabilities by automating the processing of social media disaster data that are not presently being fully exploited. Hilhorst’s (2004) social domains heuristic is proposed as a way to represent the competing interests and understanding of disaster science and management, disaster governance, and local participants and vulnerable populations, respectively. We then present a series of empirical incidents of disaster communication failure that illustrate breakdowns among competing perspectives from the three social domains. In conclusion, we offer recommendations for practice and scholarship to advance disaster communication and disaster intelligence capabilities in both Western and developing contexts.

Informal Settlers, Government Officials, and Disaster Vulnerability - Experience from the Philippines -

Janet Dilling,Ralph Brower,Judith Cuadra,Malaika Samples 위기관리 이론과 실천 2014 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.4 No.1

Informal, marginal settlements in the developing world are not only increasing but worsening in the face of overpopulation, economic instability and unprecedented climate variance. In the Philippines, cities are powerful magnets for rural populations lacking local opportunities and who seek to achieve prosperity for their immediate and future generations. These centers of “possibilities” however fail to provide basic needs and services for increasing numbers of internal immigrants. UN Habitat reports that as of 2012, at least 63% of the 92 million Filipinos live in urban centers such as Metro Manila, or what is officially called the National Capital Region (NCR). An estimated 3.1 million of them lack secure land tenure and 2.7 are informal settlers living in slums (Karaos, Nicolas, Rabacal et al, 2012). The Philippines, like many island countries, suffers from land deficit; housing is not only difficult but economically unfeasible for the urban poor. Thus, the urban poor are unconsciously driven to areas otherwise unsuitable for housing. These danger zones are prone to flooding, seismic activity and landslides. Living in these areas exposes informal settlers to a vicious repeat cycle of destruction and loss of life. What is the source of a community’s resistance to relocate in the face of continuing risk? Some studies suggest that the place that we call home is not just a point in a geographical setting. Communities develop shared values and shared identity with place (Hewitt, K 1997). The Filipino government is currently on a crusade to address this problem by planning to relocate the individuals at high risk; they have certainly found opposition from the settlers. But, what are the specific factors that impede successful relocation? In this study we attempt to answer this question by looking at the cultural, social, economic, political factors and interactive dynamics that influence the way people decide where to live. The findings presented in this paper correspond to field work in the Rizal Province and its Municipality of San Mateo, more specifically concerning those living in Barangay Banaba. Hopefully the collection and analysis of such data could contribute towards a better understanding of the individual at risk, formulation of more effective disaster reduction strategies, and greater discussion of the situation and needs of these communities.