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Rajan Unnithan, A.,Ramachandra Kurup Sasikala, A.,Park, C.H.,Kim, C.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.46 No.-
<P>The present study explores the first ever fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)Chitosan (CS)Hyaluronic acid (HA) based bioactive composite scaffold containing an osteogenesis-inducing drug simvastatin (SV) for bone tissue engineering application. Porosity, density, swelling, degradation and biomineralization studies favored the SV loaded GOCSHA scaffold in comparison to the conventional CS and HA based scaffolds. The in vitro results showed that the SV also offers a significant influence on osteogenesis and biomineralization and it possess excellent biocompatibility to be used as a bone tissue engineering scaffold, which is able to persuade osteogenesis and mineralization. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.</P>
Cost-based design of residential steel roof systems: A case study
Rajan, S.D.,Mobasher, B.,Chen, S.Y.,Young, C. Techno-Press 1999 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.8 No.2
The cost effectiveness of using steel roof systems for residential buildings is becoming increasingly apparent with the decrease in manufacturing cost of steel components, reliability and efficiency in construction practices, and the economic and environmental concerns. While steel has been one of the primary materials for structural systems, it is only recently that its use for residential buildings is being explored. A comprehensive system for the design of residential steel roof truss systems is presented. In the first stage of the research the design curves obtained from the AISI-LRFD code for the manufactured cross-sections were verified experimentally. Components of the truss systems were tested in order to determine their member properties when subjected to axial force and bending moments. In addition, the experiments were simulated using finite element analysis to provide an additional source of verification. The second stage of the research involved the development of an integrated design approach that would automatically design a lowest cost roof truss given minimal input. A modified genetic algorithm was used to handle sizing, shape and topology variables in the design problem. The developed methodology was implemented in a software system for the purpose of designing the lowest cost truss that would meet the AISI code provisions and construction requirements given the input parameters. The third stage of the research involved full-scale testing of a typical residential steel roof designed using the developed software system. The full scale testing established the factor of safety while validating the analysis and design procedures. Evaluation of the test results indicates that designs using the present approach provide a structure with enough reserve strength to perform as predicted and are very economical.
Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Dysmotility and Metabolic Disorders
( Rajan Singh ),( Hannah Zogg ),( Lai Wei ),( Allison Bartlett ),( Uday C Ghoshal ),( Singh Rajender ),( Seungil Ro ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.27 No.1
Of all microorganisms in the human body, the largest and most complex population resides in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The gut microbiota continuously adapts to the host environment and serves multiple critical functions for their hosts, including regulating host immunity, procuring energy from food, and preventing the colonization of pathogens. Mounting evidence has suggested gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) as a core pathophysiology in the development of GI motility and metabolic disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and diabetes. Current research has focused on discovering associations between these disorders and gut microbial dysbiosis; however, whether these associations are a consequence or cause is still mostly unexplored. State-of-the-art studies have investigated how gut microbes communicate with our body systems through microbiota-derived metabolites and how they are able to modulate host physiology. There is now mounting evidence that alterations in the composition of small intestinal microbes have an association with GI dysmotility and metabolic disorders. Although treatment options for gut microbial dysbiosis are currently limited, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and dietary interventions are currently the best options. However, treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics has been viewed with skepticism due to the risk of developing antibiotic resistant bacteria. Studies are warranted to elucidate the cellular and molecular pathways underlying gut microbiota-host crosstalk and for the development of a powerful platform for future therapeutic approaches. Here, we review recent literature on gut microbial alterations and/or interactions involved in the pathophysiology of GI dysmotility and metabolic disorders. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:19-34)
Rajan Saxena,Nalini Kanta Ghosh,Saurabh Galodha 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.4
Backgrounds/Aims: Hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) for bilioenteric continuity is generally performed with interrupted sutures. This study compares the safety, economics, short- and long-term outcomes of continuous suture hepaticojejunostomy (CSHJ) and interrupted suture hepaticojejunostomy (ISHJ). Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis involving all HJs between January 2014 and December 2018 was conducted. Patients with type IV or V biliary strictures, duct diameter < 8 mm and/or associated vascular injury, and liver transplant recipients were excluded. Patient demographics, preoperative parameters including diagnosis, intra-operative parameters including type and number of sutures, suture time, and postoperative morbidity (based on Clavien-Dindo classification) were recorded. Patients were followed up to 60 months. McDonald’s Grade A and B outcomes were considered favorable. Cost according to suture type and number (polydioxanone 3-0/5-0 mean cost, US$ 9.26/length; polyglactin 3-0/4-0 mean cost, US$ 6.56/length), and operation room charge (US$ 67.47/hour) were compared between the two techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS ver. 22 software. Results: A total of 556 eligible patients (468 patients undergoing ISHJ and 88 undergoing CSHJ; 47% [n = 261] with malignant and 53% [n = 295] with benign pathology) were analyzed. The two groups were similar. Number of sutures, cost, time, and postoperative bile leak were significantly higher in the ISHJ group. Bile leak occurred in 54 patients (6 CSHJ, 48 ISHJ). Septic shock-induced death occurred in 16 cases (3 CSHJ, 13 ISHJ). Morbidity and the anastomotic stricture rates were comparable in both groups. Conclusions: CSHJ is a safe, economical, and worthy of routine use.
Rajan Gupta,Sunil Kumar Muttoo,Saibal K. Pal 한국지능시스템학회 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.19 No.4
The telecenter, popularly known as the rural kiosk or common service center, is an important building block for the improvement of e-governance in developing nations as they help in better citizen engagement. Setting up of these centers at appropriate locations is a challenging task; inappropriate locations can lead to a huge loss to the government and allied stakeholders. This study proposes the use of various meta-heuristic algorithms (particle swarm optimization, bat algorithm, and ant colony optimization) for the improvement of traditional clustering approaches (K-means and fuzzy C-means) used in the facility location allocation problem and maps them for the betterment of telecenter location allocation. A dataset from the Indian region was considered for the purpose of this experiment. The performance of the algorithms when applied to traditional facility location allocation problems such as set-cover, P-median, and the P-center problem was investigated, and it was found that their efficiency improved by 20%–25% over that of existing algorithms.
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) FTA
Rajan Sudesh Ratna,Jing Huang 한국경제연구학회 2016 Korea and the World Economy Vol.17 No.2
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is an ASEAN-led proposal for a regional free trade area between 10 ASEAN countries and ASEAN’s 6 other Free Trade Agreement (FTA) partners. The current international trade regime is now being governed by the non-tariff measures that raise the trade cost. The critical issue for market access, thus, would be as to how the reduction/elimination of non-tariff measures (NTMs) is addressed in RCEP negotiations. This paper first explores the background of RCEP, the trade and tariff profiles of RCEP members. The paper examines the overall trade cost using the ESCAP — World Bank database and then evaluates the impact of elimination of non-tariff related trade cost on intra-RCEP exports in a post FTA situation by using the gravity model. Lastly, this paper suggests some measures for effective RCEP negotiations, especially how to deal with the issues relating to non-tariff measures with a special focus on sanitary and phytosanitary, and technical barriers to trade.