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Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow Analysis with Undetermined Loads
Jo, Byuk-Keun,Han, Jong-Hoon,Guo, Qinglei,Jang, Gil-Soo The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.2 No.3
The load in power system usually can be fluctuated, sometimes awfully, due to sudden disturbance, measuring and forecasting error, or even its inherent nature. Therefore, the conventional deterministic generation dispatch problems are not enough to operate power system. To deal with such uncertainties, Gaussian distribution is adopted and then probabilistic optimal power flow (OPF) problem is formulated in this paper. Some case studies are presented for the simulation assumed that load is not deterministic anymore. The results of the case studies present how the undetermined loads affect generation cost.
Li, Yao,Zhu, Shenmin,Liu, Qinglei,Gu, Jiajun,Guo, Zaiping,Chen, Zhixin,Feng, Chuanliang,Zhang, Di,Moon, Won-Jin The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.6
<P>A high-performance anode material was prepared from a hierarchically structured activated carbon which contains <I>in situ</I> graphene and nano-graphite. The activated carbon was immersed in a solution of SnCl<SUB>2</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O and subjected to ultrasound. As a result, nanoparticles of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> were uniformly deposited on the surface of the activated carbon. The composite material was then coated with a thin layer of carbon by soaking it in a sucrose solution, followed by carbonization of the adsorbed sucrose at 500 °C. The resulting composite showed an outstanding high-rate cycling performance that can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 1417 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> and maintain a discharge capacity of more than 400 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> after 100 cycles at a high current density of 1000 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP>. This outstanding electrochemical performance is likely to be related to a unique combination of the excellent electrical conductivity of the activated carbon with graphite layers formed inside, its hierarchical pore structure which enhances lithium-ion transportation, and the carbon coating which alleviates the effects of volume changes, shortens the distance for Li<SUP>+</SUP> diffusion, facilitates the transmission of electrons, and keeps the structure stable.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Carbon-coated SnO<SUB>2</SUB>@C nanocomposite with hierarchically porous structures and graphite layers inside was prepared by ultrasound and hydrothermal treatment, which showed an outstanding high-rate cycling performance for lithium-ion battery. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm14290a'> </P>
Bo Gao,Da Chen,Bingli Gu,Ting Wang,Zihao Wang,Feng xie,Yongsheng Yang,Qinglei Guo,Gang Wang 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.4
Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) with high blue fluorescence efficiency were synthesized by the hydrothermal method from p-Phenylenediamine and p-Coumaric acid. The N-GQDs possess several superiorities, most significantly in excellent solubility and superior photostability. Besides, the as-prepared N-GQDs exhibit a uniform size distribution with a diameter of about 3.8 ± 0.5 nm. After dispersing the N-GQDs in water, the formed aqueous solution still presents a stable and homogeneous phase even after 2 months at room temperature. The N-GQD dispersion was further utilized as sensing probes for the selective detection of copper ions (Cu2+), which is realized by the photoluminescence (PL) quenching of N-GQDs after adding Cu2+. The detection limit for Cu2+ was found to be 57 nM L−1, with superior selectivity in the presence of other commonly interfering metal ions. The presented results in this study provide a facile and high-efficiency method for synthesizing N-GQDs, with ultra-high detectivity and selectivity for Cu2+ detection, offering numerous opportunities for the development of biosensing, bioimaging, environment monitoring, and others.