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Divergence dating of the two wing morphs in Vollenhovia emeryi (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae)
Pureum Noh,Jaeyeon Kang,Jae Chun Choe,Gilsang Jeong 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
Vollenhovia emeryi (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) is dimorphic in its wing morphology of alate females: the long-winged and the short-winged. In our previous study, we found that the long-winged is ancestral and the short-winged is derived. Intriguingly, the former is infected with the intracellular symbiotic Wolbachia bacterium and the derived is void of the bacterium indicating that the latter somehow evolved resistance to the bacterium. This may be one of few cases in which transition from susceptibility to the bacterium can be traceable via the divergence estimation. As a consequence, we inferred that the two morphs diverged approximately quarter million years ago; a remarkably recent event in evolutionary perspective. In this presentation, we will further discuss genetic orchestration in the host insect and future research directions.
Genomic Imprinting and Sex Determination Vollenhovia emeryi (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae)
Pureum Noh,Jae Chun Choe,Gilsang Jeong 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05
In haplodiploid sex determination, females are sexually reproduced from fertilized diploid eggs, and males from unfertilized haploid eggs. Haplodiploid sex determination seems simple in that sex depends simply on the ploid level. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms are thought to be much more complicated than expected. Among them, a powerful proposed mechanism is genomic imprinting. All epigenetic on-off systems require target genes, unless the systems target histone proteins on chromosomes. For Hymenoptera, a good candidate target gene in terms of sex determination is known either as feminizer (fem) or transformer (tra) in many insects. These two genes are essential for expressing femaleness. In most Hymenopteran insects, the maternal tra seems to be methylated and consequently not expressed, while the paternally derived tra gene is not methylated. Therefore, a fertilized egg with the paternally derived active tra gene will develop into a functional female. Like all Hymenoptera, ants (Formicidae) have haplodiploid sex determination. In Vollenhovia emeryi, however, queens are produced clonally while workers derive from fertilized eggs. Males are haploid, likewise deriving from fertilized eggs, but only after selective elimination of their maternal genome. Under the conventional genomic imprinting model, we would have expected that the opposite pattern of what is observed in others. Here we present extraordinary sex determination and suggest our hypothesis about genomic imprinting pattern in V. emeryi
Pureum Noh,Seungyoon Oh,Soyeon Park,Taesung Kwon,Yonghwan Kim,Jaechun Choe,Gilsang Jeong 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04
The ant species, Vollenhovia emeryi Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) is endemic in East Asia and has invaded into North America. In this species, the queen caste shows polymorphism in its wing morphology; long-winged queen and short-winged queen, and two morphs are thought not to coexist in nature. This research is conducted to 1) deduce the phylogeographical structure of the two wing morphs in South Korea and to trace the distribution pattern from East Asia to North America, and 2) investigate the Wolbachia and WO phage infection frequency of the species. Either individuals or colonies of V. emeryi were collected from 80 locations, encompassing 68 locations in South Korea, 11 in Japan, and one in USA. Among the collected samples in South Korea, the long-winged morph is dominant and considered as the ancestral type, while the short-winged morph is very rare and derived character. The origin of the US population is neither Korea nor Japan at least in this study. However, we do not exclude the possibility that its origin is the other parts of Japan or the other countries. All of the long-winged morph are infected with Wolbachia, while the short-winged seems to be geographically partially infected. It suggests the possibility that the short wing trait is linked with the evolution of resistance to Wolbachia infection. Bacteriophage WO infection status has no correlation with host insect lineage.
The Phylogenetic Relationship in the Korean ant Species : Genus Myrmica
Pureum Noh,Rahayu Oktaviani,Taesung Kwon,Soyeon Park,Hwakyung Hwang,Bitna Lee,Injung Kim,Yeonsun Jeon,Soyeong Lim,Jae Chun Choe,Gilsang Jeong 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04
In Korea, twelve species in genus Myrmica have been described. Some of them are morphologically similar and this makes their identification difficult. For this reason, we collected several Myrmica species in question and inferred their phylogenetic relationship using the 418bp partial COI (cytochrome C oxidase 1) region from a total of 33 individuals. We found that the CO1 haplotypes are effectively grouped into three clusters that match well to their external morphological characters. Although this three species could be distinguished by the only small part of the COI region, the two individual sample of the M. kotokuii and one sample of the M. carinata are included in the M. kurokii group. The results indicate that the morphological identification could be obscure in the three species and it requires a close examination for this phenomenon.
Identity of the two wing morphs of a Korean Vollenhovia species
Pureum Noh,Jaechun Choe,Gilsang Jeong 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
The little sized ant species, Vollenhovia emeryi Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) is the only species belonging to genus Vollenhovia in South Korea, and it is endemic in East Asia encompassing Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan and has recently invaded into North America. In this species, the queen caste shows polymorphism in its wing form, the queen with normal wings called the long-winged (L) queen and short-winged (S) queen with aberrant small wings, and the two morphs are thought not to coexist in nature, however the morphology of workers and males of the two wing morphs are indistinguishable. We obtained a L gyne from a S colony that had been maintained in the laboratory. In addition, we compared the genome size of entire castes of the two wing morphs using flowcytometry. Our results confirm that the two wing morphs are obviously the same species, and moreover, the wing morph may be determinated by the epigenetical process.
통초(通草), 목통(木通) 신속 감별용 ITS 염기서열 기반 SCAR 마커 및 Multiplex-SCAR 분석법 개발
노푸름 ( Pureum Noh ),김욱진 ( Wook Jin Kim ),박인규 ( Inkyu Park ),양선규 ( Sungyu Yang ),최고야 ( Goya Choi ),문병철 ( Byeong Cheol Moon ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.1
Objectives : Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis are one of the most frequently adulterated herbal medicines because of their confusability of terms in the ancient writings and the similarity of morphological features of dried herbal products. The major adulterant is Aristolochia manshuriensis (Guanmutong) which has a serious safety concern with its toxicity. To ensure the safety and quality of the two herbal medicines, it is necessary to discriminate the toxic adulterant from authentic species. The aim of this study is to develop SCAR markers and to establish the multiplex-SCAR assay for discrimination of four plant species related to Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis. Methods : ITS regions of fifteen samples of four species (Tetrapanax papyrifer , Fatsia japonica , Aristolochia manshuriensis, and Akebia quinata ) collected from different sites were amplified and sequenced. Fifteen obtained ITS sequences were aligned and analysed for the detection of species-specific sequence variations. The SCAR markers were designed based on the sequence alignments and then, multiplex-SCAR assay enhancing rapidity was optimized. Results : ITS sequences clearly distinguished the four species at the species level. The developed SCAR markers and multiplex-SCAR assay were successfully discriminated four species and detected the adulteration of commercial product samples by comparison of the amplified DNA fragment sizes. Conclusions : These SCAR markers and multiplex-SCAR assay are a rapid, simple, and reliable method to identify the authentic Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis from adulterants. These genetic tools will be useful to ensure the safety and to standardize the quality of the two herbal medicines.
Soyeon Park,Pureum Noh,Jae Chun Choe,Gilsang Jeong 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04
The phylogenetic analysis the queen polymorphic Vollenhovia emeryi ant reveals derivation of the Wolbachia- free short-winged from the Wolbachia-infected long-winged. However, intriguingly, some Japanese short-winged colonies harbor Wolbachia. Wolbachia specific bacteriophage (WO) is also detected in more than half of the infected colonies with no clear distribution pattern across the host insect lineage. We hypothesized that 1) the infected Japanese short-winged is in the intermediate stage to complete loss of Wolbachia and 2) the phage invaded the host after the host insect diverged. To test the hypotheses, we studied the strain diversity using the multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of five ant colonies; three longwinged colonies from Korea and one long-winged colony and one short-winged colony from Japan. Both Korean and Japanese V. emeryi colonies show unexpectedly high level of Wolbachia strain diversity. However, the diversity is not significantly different between the long-winged and the short-winged against our first hypothesis. Phylogenies of Wolbachia show Korean strains and Japanese strains are largely monophyletic indicating prior infection before the host divergence. The strain diversity of the phage is also surprisingly high. Phylogenies of orf2 and orf7 genes are incongruent to that of Wolbachia and geographically distinct. This indicates that the phage is spatially static and the current infection pattern may be the consequence of local repeated gain and loss of the phage.
Wolbachia infection polymorphism and wing morphology in Vollenhovia emeryi chosenica (Wheeler)
Haewon Shin,Jaeri Yoo,Pureum Noh,Jae Chun Choe,Gilsang Jeong 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
Vollenhovia emeryi chosenica (Wheeler) (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) is an ant species frequently found in forests. In nature, two phenotypically distinct forms are found e.g. long winged and short winged. Unlike other hymenopteran insects, the ant is unique in its mode of reproduction. In this species, queens are clonally reproduced from unfertilized eggs. On the other hand, workers develop from fertilized eggs. Strikingly, haploid males are reproduced from fertilized eggs after destroying the maternal half of the genome e.g. maternal genome loss (MGL) consequently only with the paternal half of the genome. We collected the ant colonies nationwide in 2011. In this study, we demonstrate that the ant is infected with Wolbachia, the bacterial reproductive manipulator in various insects. Interestingly, only the long winged morphs seem to be infected. Furthermore, most colonies are mulitple-infected except two colonies collected from Chuncheon and Mt. Deogyu. We will discuss potential interactions among the Wolbachia infection polymorphism and wing morphology, and evolution of clonal reproduction and MGL.