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A Note on Computing the Crisp Order Context of a Fuzzy Formal Context for Knowledge Reduction
( Prem Kumar Singh ),( Ch. Aswani Kumar ) 한국정보처리학회 2015 Journal of information processing systems Vol.11 No.2
Fuzzy Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a mathematical tool for the effective representation of imprecise and vague knowledge. However, with a large number of formal concepts from a fuzzy context, the task of knowledge representation becomes complex. Hence, knowledge reduction is an important issue in FCA with a fuzzy setting. The purpose of this current study is to address this issue by proposing a method that computes the corresponding crisp order for the fuzzy relation in a given fuzzy formal context. The obtained formal context using the proposed method provides a fewer number of concepts when compared to original fuzzy context. The resultant lattice structure is a reduced form of its corresponding fuzzy concept lattice and preserves the specialized and generalized concepts, as well as stability. This study also shows a step-by-step demonstration of the proposed method and its application.
Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Ruthenium(0) Nanoparticles in Click Chemistry
Kumar, Avvaru Praveen,Baek, Min-Wook,Sridhar, Chirumarry,Kumar, Begari Prem,Lee, Yong-Ill Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.4
Here we report a facile synthesis of ruthenium (Ru) Nanoparticles (NPs) by chemical co-precipitation method. The calcination of ruthenium hydroxide samples at $500^{\circ}C$ under hydrogen atmosphere lead to the formation of $Ru^0$ NPs. The size and aggregation of Ru NPs depends on the pH of the medium, and type of surfactant and its concentration. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope image (TEM) analyses of particles indicated the formation of $Ru^0$ NPs, and have 10 to 20 nm sizes. As-synthesized $Ru^0$ NPs are characterized and investigated their catalytic ability in click chemistry (azidealkyne cycloaddition reactions), showing good results in terms of reactivity. Interestingly, small structural differences in triazines influence the catalytic activity of $Ru^0$ nanocatalysts. Click chemistry has recently emerged to become one of the most powerful tools in drug discovery, chemical biology, proteomics, medical sciences and nanotechnology/nanomedicine. In addition, preliminary tests of recycling showed good results with neither loss of activity or significant precipitation.
Open Partial Nephrectomy With Zero Ischemia Technique Using Thulium Laser: Our Experience of 4 Cases
Kumar Prem,Pankaj Kumar,Zia Ur Rehman,Somesh Janoria 대한비뇨기종양학회 2020 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.18 No.2
With the advent of newer technologies, the management of small renal masses has shown a paradigm shift. This has resulted in preferring partial nephrectomy over radical nephrectomy, emphasizing the concept of nephron sparing surgery. Various lasers have been used in few cases. We prospectively evaluated the use of thulium laser in open partial nephrectomy over last 1 year. The aim is to study thulium laser as an energy source for partial nephrectomy for peripheral tumor. The role of partial nephrectomy and zero ischemia time in renal preservation is already proven. Outcomes of total of 4 patients who underwent open partial nephrectomy were analyzed prospectively. We used Quanta Cyber TM laser at setting of 30 W both for cutting and coagulation. Preoperative characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. Four patients underwent open partial nephrectomy with zero ischemia. The mean tumor size was 5.26 cm, mean RENAL nephrometry score was 4.5, mean operative time was 67.5 minutes, active laser time was 2 minutes, mean blood loss related to partial nephrectomy per se was 65 mL. Mean preoperative hemoglobin was 11.12 g% and mean postoperative hemoglobin was 10.05 g%. Mean duration of stay was 6 days. Histologically all lesions were renal cell carcinoma pT1/T2, with margins negative for tumor and no deterioration in renal function during follow-up. The thulium laser at 2013 nm wavelength demonstrates excellent hemostasis and precise cutting capabilities of the renal cortex during open partial nephrectomy for peripheral tumors without requiring renal artery clamping.
A Note on Computing the Crisp Order Context of a Fuzzy Formal Context for Knowledge Reduction
Singh, Prem Kumar,Kumar, Ch. Aswani Korea Information Processing Society 2015 Journal of information processing systems Vol.11 No.2
Fuzzy Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a mathematical tool for the effective representation of imprecise and vague knowledge. However, with a large number of formal concepts from a fuzzy context, the task of knowledge representation becomes complex. Hence, knowledge reduction is an important issue in FCA with a fuzzy setting. The purpose of this current study is to address this issue by proposing a method that computes the corresponding crisp order for the fuzzy relation in a given fuzzy formal context. The obtained formal context using the proposed method provides a fewer number of concepts when compared to original fuzzy context. The resultant lattice structure is a reduced form of its corresponding fuzzy concept lattice and preserves the specialized and generalized concepts, as well as stability. This study also shows a step-by-step demonstration of the proposed method and its application.
Reliability based partial safety factor of concrete containing nano silica and silica fume
Anil Kumar Nanda,Prem Pal Bansal,Maneek Kumar 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2020 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.26 No.5
The influence of combination of nano silica and silica fume, as partial cement replacement materials, on the properties of concrete has been studied through the measurement of compressive strength. The compressive strength of concrete in terms of mean, standard deviation and with-in-test coefficient of variation related to the variation in the nominated parameters have also been developed. The compressive strength data developed experimentally has been analyzed using normal-probability distribution and partial safety factors of composite concretes have been evaluated by using first order second moment approach with Hasofer Lind’s method. The use of Nano silica and silica fume in concrete decreases the partial safety factor of concrete i.e., increase the reliability of concrete. The experimental results show that the properties of concrete having nano silica and silica fume in combination were better than that of a plain concrete. The SEM test results showing the level of Ca(OH)2 in plain concrete and consumption level Ca(OH)2 of concrete containing nano silica & silica fume have also been presented.
Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Ruthenium(0) Nanoparticles in Click Chemistry
Avvaru Praveen Kumar,Min-Wook Baek,Chirumarry Sridhar,Begari Prem Kumar,Yong-Ill Lee 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.4
Here we report a facile synthesis of ruthenium (Ru) Nanoparticles (NPs) by chemical co-precipitation method. The calcination of ruthenium hydroxide samples at 500 oC under hydrogen atmosphere lead to the formation of Ru0 NPs. The size and aggregation of Ru NPs depends on the pH of the medium, and type of surfactant and its concentration. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope image (TEM) analyses of particles indicated the formation of Ru0 NPs, and have 10 to 20 nm sizes. As-synthesized Ru0 NPs are characterized and investigated their catalytic ability in click chemistry (azidealkyne cycloaddition reactions), showing good results in terms of reactivity. Interestingly, small structural differences in triazines influence the catalytic activity of Ru0 nanocatalysts. Click chemistry has recently emerged to become one of the most powerful tools in drug discovery, chemical biology, proteomics, medical sciences and nanotechnology/nanomedicine. In addition, preliminary tests of recycling showed good results with neither loss of activity or significant precipitation.