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Practical Aspects of Instantaneous Magnetization Power Functions of Silicon Iron Laminations
Pfützner Helmut,Shilyashki Georgi,Bengtsson Claes,Huber Emanuel 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.2
Magnetic energy loss P of SiFe steel represents a key factor for the efficiency of soft magnetic machine cores. Traditionally, they are operated with 50 Hz (or 60 Hz), a frequency value that yields rather balanced portions of hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. In equivalent circuits of transformers, P tends to be represented by a magnetic power resistance RM, as a constant. For the most important case of sinusoidal induction B of 50 Hz, this would correspond to an instantaneous magnetization power function p(t) that is sinusoidal as well, however, with 100 Hz (or 120 Hz). On the other hand, from complex, non-linear mechanisms of hysteresis, it is obvious that p(t) should be strongly non-sinusoidal, even for exactly sinusoidal B(t). So far, almost all corresponding instantaneous investigations were restricted to calculated modelling of loss portions and transient modelling. On the other hand, for the first time, the present study was focussed on functions p(t) as measured at IEC-standardized samples of industrially relevant steel. Practical evaluations are discussed with respect to the revealed “history” of magnetization processes, as well as for product characterization. For these tasks, a novel digitized “Low-mass Single Sheet Tester” was developed that was applied for both non-oriented steel (NO) and grain-oriented steel (GO), for 50 Hz. Interpretations proved to be favoured by relating p(t) to total P, according to an instantaneous power ratio. As a result, both steel types revealed strongly non-sinusoidal power functions, with short durations of negative p. Negative p proved to be most pronounced for NO steel, as a measure for the onset of reversible turns of atomic moments. As a consequence, p(t) comprises strong upper harmonics of 200 Hz and even 300 Hz. Based on theoretical considerations, we split p(t) in a dissipative loss power function pL(t) and in a potential energy power function pP(t). Finally, we used p(t) to determine the corresponding power resistance RM(t) that proves to be a distinctly nonlinear function as well. It resembles a rectified co-sinus, also exhibiting short negative spikes that reflect the crystallographic dis-orientation of the polycrystalline material.
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Relation between the emoticons and emotions
Minseop Kim,Juyong Chun,Seonyeong Jeon,Younha Chang,Pf. Youngshin Kwak 한국HCI학회 2017 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.2
This study aims to investigate relations between the emoticons and emotions using the ‘kakaotalk’ default emoticons. The emoticon distribution map would be made with new axes from PCA and some ‘Kakaotalk’ default emoticons. Facial expression and gesture cannot be expressed on mobile messenger. This leads to the global use of emoticon which complements the limitation of mobile messenger communication. Therefore, this study will see what emotions are delivered by each emoticons. 8 adjectives are generated and reduced through focus group interview, categorizing, and literature studies to evaluate stimuli, which is emoticons consisted of facial expression and motion. 37 emoticons are selected as the stimuli based on our own criteria such as emoticons that express emotions with a various degree rather than situations. The semantic differential experiment is performed with 12 subjects and monopolar scales of 8 adjectives. After PCA, the 1<SUP>st</SUP> principal component is defined as positiveness and 2<SUP>nd</SUP> one is unpredictability, which explains the results up to about 80%. Some emotions were orthogonal to one another and there are more various emotions in negative emoticons rather than positive space. We concluded that the threshold for using positive emoticons is much higher in comparison with that of negative emoticon. There were somewhat empty space at the positive area in the emoticon distribution map, which means less expressed emotion space through emoticons at the positive area. The emoticon designer could focus on that empty space on the map to fascinate messenger’s users.
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Stefanon, Mauro,Yan, Haojing,Mobasher, Bahram,Barro, Guillermo,Donley, Jennifer L.,Fontana, Adriano,Hemmati, Shoubaneh,Koekemoer, Anton M.,Lee, BoMee,Lee, Seong-Kook,Nayyeri, Hooshang,Peth, Michael,Pf Published by the University of Chicago Press for t 2017 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.229 No.2
<P>We present a 0.4-8 mu m multi-wavelength photometric catalog in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS) field. This catalog is built on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3 and ACS data from the Cosmic Assembly Nearinfrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS), and it incorporates the existing HST data from the Allwavelength Extended Groth strip International Survey (AEGIS) and the 3D-HST program. The catalog is based on detections in the F160W band reaching a depth of F160W. =. 26.62 AB (90% completeness, point sources). It includes the photometry for 41,457 objects over an area of approximate to 206 arcmin(2) in the following bands: HST/ACS F606W and F814W; HST WFC3 F125W, F140W, and F160W; Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT)/ Megacam u*, g', r', i' and z'; CFHT/WIRCAM J, H,. and KS; Mayall/NEWFIRM J1, J2, J3, H1, H2, and K; Spitzer IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 mu m. We are also releasing value-added catalogs that provide robust photometric redshifts and stellar mass measurements. The catalogs are publicly available through the CANDELS repository.</P>
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