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Perng, Diahn-Warng,Chen, Pei-Ku The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.4
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with abnormal inflammatory response and airflow limitation. Acute exacerbation involves increased inflammatory burden leading to worsening respiratory symptoms, including dyspnea and sputum production. Some COPD patients have frequent exacerbations (two or more exacerbations per year). A substantial proportion of COPD patients may remain stable without exacerbation. Bacterial and viral infections are the most common causative factors that breach airway stability and lead to exacerbation. The increasing prevalence of exacerbation is associated with deteriorating lung function, hospitalization, and risk of death. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of airway inflammation in COPD and discuss how bacterial or viral infection, temperature, air pollution, eosinophilic inflammation, and concomitant chronic diseases increase airway inflammation and the risk of exacerbation.
Chang Perng-Kuang,Hua Sui Sheng T. 한국균학회 2023 Mycobiology Vol.51 No.3
Aspergillus sojae has long been considered a domesticated strain of Aspergillus parasiticus. This study delineated relationships among the two species and an Aspergillus PWE36 isolate. Of 25 examined clustered aflatoxin genes of PWE36, 20 gene sequences were identical to those of A. sojae, but all had variations to those of A. parasiticus. Additionally, PWE36 developmental genes of conidiation and sclerotial formation, overall, shared higher degrees of nucleotide sequence identity with A. sojae genes than with A. parasiticus genes. Examination of defective cyclopiazonic acid gene clusters revealed that the PWE36 deletion pattern was identical only to those of A. sojae. Using A. sojae SMF134 genome sequence as a reference, visualization of locally collinear blocks indicated that PWE36 shared higher genome sequence homologies with A. sojae than with A. parasiticus. Phylogenetic inference based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and total SNP counts showed that A. sojae strains formed a monophyletic clade and were clonal. Two (Argentinian and Ugandan) A. parasiticus isolates but not including an Ethiopian isolate formed a monophyletic clade, which showed that A. parasiticus population is genetically diverse and distant to A. sojae. PWE36 and A. sojae shared a most recent common ancestor (MRCA). The estimated divergence time for PWE36 and A. sojae was about 0.4 mya. Unlike Aspergillus oryzae, another koji mold that includes genetically diverse populations, the findings that current A. sojae strains formed a monophyletic group and shared the MRCA with PWE36 allow A. sojae to be continuously treated as a species for food safety reasons.
Design of the PID Controller for Hydro-turbines Based on Optimization Algorithms
Jau-Woei Perng,Yi-Chang Kuo,Kuan-Chung Lu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.7
In this study, multiple objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), genetic algorithm, bees, and reinforcement learning (RL) are used to calculate the rise time (tr), integral square-error, integral of time-multipliedsquared-error, integral absolute error, and integral of time multiplied by absolute error of the system transfer function and then we use a fuzzy algorithm on MOPSO, GA, bees, and RL based on the frequency sensitivity margin of a water turbine governor to optimize the proportional gain (kp) and integral gain (ki) and calculate the relative collapsing frequency response values. The MOPSO algorithm returned the optimal result. The radial basis function (RBF) neural network curve is obtained from the MOPSO algorithm with three variables (i.e., kp, ki, kd = 0.6 and grid frequency deviations values), and finally we identify and predict three variable values near the RBF neural network curve through deep learning. The result of the grid frequency deviation is close to 0, and the gain response time is better for damping the frequency oscillations in different operating conditions.
Design of Digital PID Control Systems Based on Sensitivity Analysis and Genetic Algorithms
Jau-Woei Perng,Shan-Chang Hsieh 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.7
Digital PID controllers design method in a parameter space is proposed in this article. Sensitivity analysisis processed to meet specifications in gain margin and phase margin. The stability boundary is plotted based on theproposed method in this article. The genetic algorithm is used for integral absolute error, integral time-weightedabsolute error, integral square error, and integral time-weighted square error. A design procedure is proposed in thisarticle. The design procedure is applied for a model of a boiler and a model with time delay. Computer simulationresults show that the proposed method is effective.
Effects of Fiber Characteristics on the Greaseproofing Property of Paper
YUAN-SHING PERNG,EUGENE I-CHEN WANG,LAN-SHENG KUO,YU-CHUN CHEN 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
Grease barrier food containers are commonly used for packaging of fast food, cooked food, and food in general. Greaseproofing is also used for certificate paper and label paper etc. Different pulp raw materials, due to their different fiber morphology and chemical compositions, produce papers of varying characteristics. We used optical photomicroscopy and fiber analysis data to evaluate fiber morphology and traits under various beating conditions in order to understand which pulp raw materials produced superior greaseproofing property when a fluorinated greaseproofing agent was added internally. The experiment studied 9 species of pulps, including 2 softwood (northern pine and radiata pine) bleached kraft pulps which were beaten to 550 and 350 mL CSF, respectively; 3 hardwoods (eucalypts, acacia, mixed Indonesian hardwoods) bleached kraft pulps which were beaten to 450 and 250 mL CSF, respectively; and nonwood fibers of reed, bagasse, and abaca. A fluorinated greaseproofing chemical at 0.12% dosage with respect to dry pulp was added to each pulp preparation and formed handsheets. A total of 67 sets of handsheets were prepared, and their basis weights, thickness, bulks, opacities, wet opacities, air resistance, water absorption and degrees of greaseproofing were measured for an overall evaluation of pulp and freeness on greaseproofing papers. The experimental fiber length, coarseness and distribution characteristics and the greaseproofing results suggest that softwood pulps (radiate pine < northern pine) were superior to hardwood pulps (eucalypts > acacia > mixed Indonesian hardwoods). The unbeaten pulps gave papers with high porosities and nearly devoid of greaseproofing property. Greaseproofing is proportional to air resistance. Among the nonwood fibers, bagasse had the best greaseproofing property, followed by reed and abaca was the poorest. With regards to waterproofing property, hardwood pulps (mixed Indonesian hardwoods > acacia > eucalypts) were better than softwood pulps (northern pine > radiate pine). Among the Nonwood fibers, reed had the highest waterproofing property, and it was followed by abaca, while bagasse had the poorest waterproofing characteristic. In summary, bleached kraft northern pine, eucalypts and reed pulps were best suited for making greaseproofing papers, Freeness of the pulps should be kept at 200~280 mL CSF for optimal performance.
( Diahn-warng Perng ),( Pei-ku Chen ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.4
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with abnormal inflammatory response and airflow limitation. Acute exacerbation involves increased inflammatory burden leading to worsening respiratory symptoms, including dyspnea and sputum production. Some COPD patients have frequent exacerbations (two or more exacerbations per year). A substantial proportion of COPD patients may remain stable without exacerbation. Bacterial and viral infections are the most common causative factors that breach airway stability and lead to exacerbation. The increasing prevalence of exacerbation is associated with deteriorating lung function, hospitalization, and risk of death. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of airway inflammation in COPD and discuss how bacterial or viral infection, temperature, air pollution, eosinophilic inflammation, and concomitant chronic diseases increase airway inflammation and the risk of exacerbation.