Laser based impedance measurement for pipe corrosion and bolt-loosening detection

Yang, Jinyeol,Liu, Peipei,Yang, Suyoung,Lee, Hyeonseok,Sohn, Hoon Techno-Press 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.15 No.1

This study proposes a laser based impedance measurement system and impedance based pipe corrosion and bolt-loosening monitoring techniques under temperature variations. For impedance measurement, the laser based impedance measurement system is optimized and adopted in this paper. First, a modulated laser beam is radiated to a photodiode, converting the laser beam into an electric signal. Then, the electric signal is applied to a MFC transducer attached on a target structure for ultrasonic excitation. The corresponding impedance signals are measured, re-converted into a laser beam, and radiated back to the other photodiode located in a data interrogator. The transmitted impedance signals are treated with an outlier analysis using generalized extreme value (GEV) statistics to reliably signal off structural damage. Validation of the proposed technique is carried out to detect corrosion and bolt-loosening in lab-scale carbon steel elbow pipes under varying temperatures. It has been demonstrated that the proposed technique has a potential to be used for structural health monitoring (SHM) of pipe structures.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Overexpression Reduces Osteosarcoma Cell Migration and Invasion

Zilan Lv,Ya-guang Weng,Dandan Yang,Jie Li,Min Hu,Min Luo,Xiaoqin Zhan,Peipei Song,Chen Liu,Huili Bai,Baolin Li,Yang Yang,Yingying Chen,Qiong Shi 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.2

Transforming growth factor- (TGF-) is known to pro-mote tumor migration and invasion. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF- family expressed in a variety of human carcinoma cell lines. The role of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), the most powerful osteogenic factor, in osteosarcoma (OS) progression has not been fully clarified. The expression of BMP9 and its receptors in OS cell lines was analyzed by RT-PCR. We found that BMP9 and its receptors were expressed in OS cell lines. We further investigated the influence of BMP9 on the biological behaviors of OS cells. BMP9 overexpression in the OS cell lines 143B and MG63 inhibited in vitro cell migration and invasion. We further investigated the ex-pression of a panel of cancer-related genes and found that BMP9 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 proteins, increased the expression of ID1, and reduced the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in OS cells. BMP9 silencing induced the opposite effects. We also found that BMP9 may not affect the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis to regulate the invasiveness and metastatic capacity of OS cells. Interestingly, CXCR4 was expressed in both 143B and MG63 cells, while CXCL12 was only detected in MG63 cells. Taken together, we hypothesize that BMP9 inhibits the migration and invasiveness of OS cells through a Smad-dependent pathway by downregulating the expression and activity of MMP9.

Development of a tunable low-frequency vibration energy harvester and its application to a self-contained wireless fatigue crack detection sensor

Yang, Suyoung,Jung, Sung-Youb,Kim, Kiyoung,Liu, Peipei,Lee, Sangmin,Kim, Jaeha,Sohn, Hoon SAGE Publications 2019 Structural health monitoring Vol.18 No.3

A functional annotation of subproteomes in human plasma

Ping, Peipei,Vondriska, Thomas M.,Creighton, Chad J.,Gandhi, TKB,Yang, Ziping,Menon, Rajasree,Kwon, Min-Seok,Cho, Sang Yun,Drwal, Garry,Kellmann, Markus,Peri, Suraj,Suresh, Shubha,Gronborg, Mads,Molin WILEY-VCH 2005 PROTEOMICS -WEINHEIM- Vol.5 No.13

<P>The data collected by Human Proteome Organization's Plasma Proteome Pilot project phase was analyzed by members of our working group. Accordingly, a functional annotation of the human plasma proteome was carried out. Here, we report the findings of our analyses. First, bioinformatic analyses were undertaken to determine the likely sources of plasma proteins and to develop a protein interaction network of proteins identified in this project. Second, annotation of these proteins was performed in the context of functional subproteomes involved in the coagulation pathway, the mononuclear phagocytic system, the inflammation pathway, the cardiovascular system, and the liver; as well as the subset of proteins associated with DNA binding activities. Our analyses contributed to the Plasma Proteome Database (http://www.plasmaproteomedatabase.org), an annotated database of plasma proteins identified by HPPP as well as from other published studies. In addition, we address several methodological considerations including the selective enrichment of post-translationally modified proteins by the use of multi-lectin chromatography as well as the use of peptidomic techniques to characterize the low molecular weight proteins in plasma. Furthermore, we have performed additional analyses of peptide identification data to annotate cleavage of signal peptides, sites of intra-membrane proteolysis and post-translational modifications. The HPPP-organized, multi-laboratory effort, as described herein, resulted in much synergy and was essential to the success of this project.</P>

Fatigue crack localization using noncontact laser ultrasonics and state space attractors

Liu, Peipei,Sohn, Hoon,Yang, Suyoung,Kundu, Tribikram Acoustical Society of America 2015 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol.138 No.2

<P>A fatigue crack and its precursor often serves as a source of nonlinear mechanism for ultrasonic waves, and the resulting nonlinear features are often much more sensitive to the fatigue crack than their linear counterparts. Among various nonlinear ultrasonic techniques, the proposed laser nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy (LNWMS) is unique in that (1) it utilizes a pulse laser to exert a single broadband input instead of conventional two distinctive sinusoidal waves, and (2) a complete noncontact measurement can be realized based on LNWMS. Under a broadband excitation, a nonlinear source exhibits modulations due to interactions among various input frequency components. These modulations are often weak and can be hardly directly detected. In this paper, a damage feature called Bhattacharyya distance is extracted from the ultrasonic time signal corresponding to a pulse laser input and used to quantify the degree of damage-induced nonlinearity and localize the crack. This feature is a measure of a statistical distance used to detect the geometrical changes between state space attractors reconstructed before and after damage formation. It has been successfully used for localizing fatigue cracks in metallic plates.</P>

Development of a “stick-and-detect” wireless sensor node for fatigue crack detection

Liu, Peipei,Lim, Hyung Jin,Yang, Suyoung,Sohn, Hoon,Lee, Cheul Hee,Yi, Yung,Kim, Daewoo,Jung, Jinhwan,Bae, In-hwan SAGE Publications 2017 Structural health monitoring Vol.16 No.2

Baseline-free fatigue crack detection based on spectral correlation and nonlinear wave modulation

Liu, Peipei,Sohn, Hoon,Yang, Suyoung,Lim, Hyung Jin Institute of Physics Publishing 2016 Smart materials & structures Vol.25 No.12

<P>By generating ultrasonic waves at two different frequencies onto a cracked structure, modulations due to crack-induced nonlinearity can be observed in the corresponding ultrasonic response. This nonlinear wave modulation phenomenon has been widely studied and proven capable of detecting a fatigue crack at a very early stage. However, under field conditions, other exogenous vibrations exist and the modulation components can be buried under ambient noises, making it difficult to extract the modulation components simply by using a spectral density function. In this study, the nonlinear modulation components in the ultrasonic response were extracted using a spectral correlation function (the double Fourier transform) with respect to time and time lag of a signal’s autocorrelation. Using spectral correlation, noise or interference, which is spectrally overlapped with the nonlinear modulation components in the ultrasonic response, can be effectively removed or reduced. Only the nonlinear modulation components are accentuated at specific coordinates of the spectral correlation plot. A damage feature is defined by comparing the spectral correlation value between nonlinear modulation components with other spectral correlation values among randomly selected frequencies. Then, by analyzing the statistical characteristics of the multiple damage feature values obtained from different input frequency combinations, fatigue cracks can be detected without relying on baseline data obtained from the pristine condition of the target structure. In the end, an experimental test was conducted on aluminum plates with a real fatigue crack and the test signals were contaminated by simulated noises with varying signal-to-noise ratios. The results validated the proposed technique.</P>

Ultrasonic wireless sensor development for online fatigue crack detection and failure warning

Suyoung Yang,Jinhwan Jung,Peipei Liu,임형진,Yung Yi,손훈,배인환 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.69 No.4

This paper develops a wireless sensor for online fatigue crack detection and failure warning based on crack-induced nonlinear ultrasonic modulation. The wireless sensor consists of packaged piezoelectric (PZT) module, an excitation/sensing module, a data acquisition/processing module, a wireless communication module, and a power supply module. The packaged PZT and the excitation/sensing module generate ultrasonic waves on a structure and capture the response. Based on nonlinear ultrasonic modulation created by a crack, the data acquisition/processing module periodically performs fatigue crack diagnosis and provides failure warning if a component failure is imminent. The outcomes are transmitted to a base through the wireless communication module where two-levels duty cycling media access control (MAC) is implemented. The uniqueness of the paper lies in that 1) the proposed wireless sensor is developed specifically for online fatigue crack detection and failure warning, 2) failure warning as well as crack diagnosis are provided based on crack-induced nonlinear ultrasonic modulation, 3) event-driven operation of the sensor, considering rare extreme events such as earthquakes, is made possible with a power minimization strategy, and 4) the applicability of the wireless sensor to steel welded members is examined through field and laboratory tests. A fatigue crack on a steel welded specimen was successfully detected when the overall width of the crack was around 30 μm, and a failure warnings were provided when about 97.6% of the remaining useful fatigue lives were reached. Four wireless sensors were deployed on Yeongjong Grand Bridge in Souht Korea. The wireless sensor consumed 282.95 J for 3 weeks, and the processed results on the sensor were transmitted up to 20 m with over 90% success rate.

The development and cultivation pattern of compound informationization innovative undertaking talented person

Delin Sun,Peipei Liu,Hui Yang,Wensheng Xu 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

Developing and cultivating compound informationization innovative undertaking talented person is a systematic engineering, and is also a great innovative cause. To implement “the development and cultivation pattern of compound informationization innovative undertaking talented person” on the one hand, needs to improve pioneer’s overall quality, develop and raise their undertaking skill obtain from the informationization undertaking demand; on the other hand, needs to conformity informationization resources and the teaching resources, adopt the pattern that combines theory with practice.

Laser based impedance measurement for pipe corrosion and bolt-loosening detection

손훈,Jinyeol Yang,Peipei Liu,Suyoung Yang,Hyeonseok Lee 국제구조공학회 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.15 No.1

This study proposes a laser based impedance measurement system and impedance based pipe corrosion and bolt-loosening monitoring techniques under temperature variations. For impedance measurement, the laser based impedance measurement system is optimized and adopted in this paper. First, a modulated laser beam is radiated to a photodiode, converting the laser beam into an electric signal. Then, the electric signal is applied to a MFC transducer attached on a target structure for ultrasonic excitation. The corresponding impedance signals are measured, re-converted into a laser beam, and radiated back to the other photodiode located in a data interrogator. The transmitted impedance signals are treated with an outlier analysis using generalized extreme value (GEV) statistics to reliably signal off structural damage. Validation of the proposed technique is carried out to detect corrosion and bolt-loosening in lab-scale carbon steel elbow pipes under varying temperatures. It has been demonstrated that the proposed technique has a potential to be used for structural health monitoring (SHM) of pipe structures.