Niche search: An evolutionary algorithm for global optimization

Springer-Verlag 1996 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.1141 No.-

Improved time and frequency synchronization for dual‐polarization OFDM systems

José Luis Hinostroza Ninahuanca,Osmar Tormena Jr.,Luís Geraldo Pedroso Meloni 한국전자통신연구원 2021 ETRI Journal Vol.43 No.6

This article presents techniques for improved estimation of symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) for dual‐polarization (DP) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (DP‐OFDM) systems. Recently, quaternion multiple‐input multiple‐output OFDM has been proposed for high spectral efficiency communication systems, which can flexibly explore different types of diversities such as space, time, frequency, and polarization. This article focuses on synchronization techniques for DP‐OFDM systems using a cyclic prefix, where the application of quaternion algebra leads to new improved estimators. Simulations performed for DP system methods show faster reduction of STO estimator variance with a double‐slope line in the log‐variance line versus signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) plot compared with single‐polarization (SP) counterparts, and simulations for CFO estimates show a 3‐dB gain of DP over SP estimates for same SNR values defined, respectively, for quaternion‐valued or complex‐valued signals. Cramer–Rao bounds for STO and CFO are derived for the synchronization methods, correlating with the observed gains of DP over SP OFDM systems.

Immune Responses in Broiler Chicks Fed Propolis Extraction Residue-supplemented Diets

Eyng, C.,Murakami, A.E.,Santos, T.C.,Silveira, T.G.V.,Pedroso, R.B.,Lourenco, D.A.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of propolis extraction residue in the feed of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age on phagocytic activity of macrophages, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin, antibody production against Newcastle disease, lymphoid organ weight and hematological profile and to determine the optimal level of inclusion. 120 chicks, reared in metabolism cages until 21 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of propolis residue) and six replications. The relative weight of thymus and monocyte percentage were affected by propolis residue, with a quadratic response (p<0.05) and lowest values estimated at 2.38% and 2.49%, respectively. Changes in relative weight of cloacal bursa and spleen, percentage of lymphocyte, heterophil, basophil, eosinophil, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, antibody production against Newcastle disease, phagocytic activity of macrophages and the average number of phagocytosed erythrocytes were not observed. The nitric oxide production with regard to positive control (macrophages+erythrocytes) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increased doses of propolis residue. The remaining variables of nitric oxide production (negative control - macrophages, and difference between the controls) were not affected by propolis residue. The cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin as determined by the increase in interdigital skin thickness exhibited a quadratic response (p<0.05), which predicted a lower reaction response at a dose of 2.60% of propolis residue and highest reaction response after 43.05 hours of phytohemagglutinin injection. The inclusion of 1% to 4% of propolis extraction residue in broiler diets from 1 to 21 days of age was not able to improve the immune parameters, despite the modest changes in the relative weight in thymus, blood monocyte percentage, nitric oxide concentration, and interdigital reaction to phytohemagglutinin.

Inter-Racial, Gender and Aging Influences in the Length of Anterior Commissure-Posterior Commissure Line

Lee, Tae-One,Hwang, Hyung-Sik,Salles, Antonio De,Mattozo, Carios,Pedroso, Alessandra G,Behnke, Eric The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2008 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.43 No.2

Objective: The length of anterior-posterior commissure (AC-PC) in racial groups, age, gender of patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and pallidotomy were investigated. Methods: From January 1996 to December 2003, 211 patients were treated with DBS and pallidotomy. There were 160 (76%) Caucasians, 35 (17%) Hispanics, 12 (5%) Asians and 4 Blacks (2%). There were 88 males and 52 females in DBS-surgery group and 44 males, 27 females in pallidotomy group. Mean age was 58 year-old. There were 19 males and 19 females and mean age was 54.7 years in the control group. Measurements were made on MRI and @Target software. Results: The average AC-PC distance was 24.89 mm (range 32 to 19), which increased with aging until 75 years old in Caucasian and also increased with aging in Hispanic, but the AC-PC distance peaked at 45 years old in Hispanic. The order of AC-PC distance were $24.6{\pm}2$ mm in Caucasian, $24.6{\pm}2.24$ mm in Asian, 24.53 mm in Black, $23.6{\pm}1.98$ mm in Hispanic. The average AC-PC distance in all groups was 24.22 mm in female who was mean age of 56.35, 25.28 mm in male who was mean age of 60.19 and $24.5{\pm}2$ mm in control group that was excluded because of the difference of thickness of slice. According to multiple regression analysis, the AC-PC distance was significantly correlated with age, race, and gender. Conclusion: The AC-PC distance is significantly correlated with age, gender, and race. The atlas of functional stereotaxis would be depended on the Variation of indivisual brain that can influenced by aging, gender, and race.

Antimicrobial activity of nanostructured Amazonian oils against Paenibacillus species and their toxicity on larvae and adult worker bees

Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher,Janice Luehring Giongo,Leandro Perger Bolzan,Marcos Saldanha Côrrea,Viviane Pedroso Fausto,Camilla Filippi dos Santos Alves,Leonardo Quintana Soares Lopes,Aline Augusti Boli 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2

Antimicrobial activity of Amazonian oils Andiroba and Copaiba against Paenibacillus larvae has been recently determined, indicating their potential use for the control of American Foulbrood Disease (AFB), but the use of essential oils in the environment still represents a challenge. The oils present several volatile elements in its composition, such high volatility being the cause of a sharp decline in antimicrobial activity. In this context the nanostructuration of these amazon oils may decrease the volatile characteristic of such products. The following research aimed to evaluate the activity of nanoemulsions prepared with Andiroba and Copaiba oils against Paenibacillus species. The toxicity of nanoemulsions has also been investigated with larvae and adult worker bees. Nanoemulsions (NE1, 10% Andiroba oil; NE2, 10% Copaiba oil; and NE3, 10% medium-chain triglyceride as negative control) were prepared in a high pressure homogenizer. The particle sizes were determined as 192, 211, and 178 nm for NE1, NE2, and NE3, respectively. The z potential values were −56.4, −47.1, and −27.2, respectively. NE1 and NE2 showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than 0.39% for most Paenibacillus species tested. None of the strains were inhibited by negative control NE3. The timeresponse effect of the nanoemulsions has been tested on P. larvae ATCC9545, resulting in a decrease in the number of viable cells to less than 1 log CFU/ml for NE1. The nanoemulsion NE1 showed a significant toxic effect for the larvae (26% mortality) when compared with NE2 (13%) and NE3 (7%). The toxic effect of nanoemulsions has also been evaluated for 72 h in adult worker bees and low mortality rate was only observed for the NE1 treatment (8.3%). This study shows for the first time that nanoemulsions of Copaiba oil can be a potential candidate for the treatment or prevention of AFB.

Antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil nanoparticles against American and European foulbrood diseases agents

Roberto Christ Vianna Santos,Leonardo Quintana Soares Lopes,Camilla Filippi dos Santos Alves,Viviane Pedroso Fausto,Kauana Pizzutti,Victor Barboza,Marcia Ebling de Souza,Renata Platchek Raffin,Patrici 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3

Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius are the primary bacterial pathogens of honeybees and the causativeagents of American and European foulbrood disease (AFB and EFB) respectively. Such diseases have beengaining importance since there are few therapeutic options beyond the reporting of microorganisms resistantto conventional antibiotics. Due to the inefficiency and/or lowefficacy of some antibiotics, researches with nanotechnologyrepresent, possibly, new therapeutic strategies. Nanostructured drugs have presented some advantagesover the conventional medicines, such as slow, gradual and controlled release, increased bioavailability,and reduced side-effects, among others. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil (TTO) nanoparticlesagainst Paenibacillus species, including P. larvae and M. plutonius strains was evaluated. Minimal inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) in Mueller–Hinton or KSBHI broth by the microdilution method was assessed. TTO registeredMIC values of 0.18–6.25%, while the MIC values obtained for the TTO nanoparticle were of 0.01–0.93%. The possible toxic effect of TTO and TTO nanoparticle has been assessed by the spraying application method inthe concentrations higher than the MICs. Bee mortality was evident only in treatment with TTO and the TTOnanoparticles show no toxic effects after 7 days of observation. Our results showed for the first time that TTOnanoencapsulation presented a high activity against Paenibacillus species and M. plutonius strains showing thatthe use of nanotechnology may represent one alternative way for the treatment or prevention of AFB and EFB.

Immune Responses in Broiler Chicks Fed Propolis Extraction Residue-supplemented Diets

C. Eyng,A. E. Murakami,T.C. Santos,T.G.V. Silveira,R.B. Pedroso,D.A.L. Lourenco 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of propolis extraction residue in the feed of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age on phagocytic activity of macrophages, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin, antibody production against Newcastle disease, lymphoid organ weight and hematological profile and to determine the optimal level of inclusion. 120 chicks, reared in metabolism cages until 21 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of propolis residue) and six replications. The relative weight of thymus and monocyte percentage were affected by propolis residue, with a quadratic response (p<0.05) and lowest values estimated at 2.38% and 2.49%, respectively. Changes in relative weight of cloacal bursa and spleen, percentage of lymphocyte, heterophil, basophil, eosinophil, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, antibody production against Newcastle disease, phagocytic activity of macrophages and the average number of phagocytosed erythrocytes were not observed. The nitric oxide production with regard to positive control (macrophages+erythrocytes) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increased doses of propolis residue. The remaining variables of nitric oxide production (negative control – macrophages, and difference between the controls) were not affected by propolis residue. The cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin as determined by the increase in interdigital skin thickness exhibited a quadratic response (p<0.05), which predicted a lower reaction response at a dose of 2.60% of propolis residue and highest reaction response after 43.05 hours of phytohemagglutinin injection. The inclusion of 1% to 4% of propolis extraction residue in broiler diets from 1 to 21 days of age was not able to improve the immune parameters, despite the modest changes in the relative weight in thymus, blood monocyte percentage, nitric oxide concentration, and interdigital reaction to phytohemagglutinin.

Carcass and meat traits of bubaline finished on sugarcane-based diets supplemented with spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran

Borges Christiano Raphael de Albuquerque,Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos de,Neves Maria Luciana Menezes Wanderley,Pereira Neto José Diógenes,Vieira Guilherme Heliodoro Pedroso,Pessoa Ricardo Alexand 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of spineless cactus (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) used as a substitute for wheat bran in buffalo diets on quantitative and qualitative traits of the meat and carcass. Methods: Twenty Murrah buffaloes at 18 months of age, with a mean initial weight of 292.9±57.3 kg, were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates. The animals were slaughtered after 90 days in the feedlot. The effects of spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in the diet of the buffaloes on the carcass and meat traits, slaughter weight, carcass yield and carcass measurements were studied. Results: Increased spineless cactus levels led to linear reduction in average daily gain, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight, compactness index and in the amount of muscle in the carcass, and there is no difference between the control treatment and the 33% replacing level for these parameters. The quality of the meat was not influenced by the treatments. Conclusion: Spineless cactus can replace wheat bran by up to 33% in sugarcane-based diets for buffaloes, without influencing quantitative and qualitative traits of the meat and carcass. Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of spineless cactus (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) used as a substitute for wheat bran in buffalo diets on quantitative and qualitative traits of the meat and carcass.Methods: Twenty Murrah buffaloes at 18 months of age, with a mean initial weight of 292.9±57.3 kg, were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates. The animals were slaughtered after 90 days in the feedlot. The effects of spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in the diet of the buffaloes on the carcass and meat traits, slaughter weight, carcass yield and carcass measurements were studied.Results: Increased spineless cactus levels led to linear reduction in average daily gain, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight, compactness index and in the amount of muscle in the carcass, and there is no difference between the control treatment and the 33% replacing level for these parameters. The quality of the meat was not influenced by the treatments.Conclusion: Spineless cactus can replace wheat bran by up to 33% in sugarcane-based diets for buffaloes, without influencing quantitative and qualitative traits of the meat and carcass.