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Strategies to Enhance the Biosynthesis of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Escherichia coli
Paul Matthay,Thomas Schalck,Natalie Verstraeten,Jan Michiels 한국생물공학회 2023 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.28 No.1
Fueled by a variety of industrial applications ranging from bioplastics to cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, the global demand for unsaturated fatty acids is steadily rising. Most of these applications build on monounsaturated fatty acids with a chain length of 16 or 18 carbon atoms, rendering these compounds valuable industrial assets. While of high industrial interest, monounsaturated fatty acids with a chain length of 8 to 12 carbon atoms are hard to produce using conventional chemical or plant-based production ways. As a consequence, these compounds are expensive and not readily available for large-scale industrial applications. Recent advances in metabolic engineering have put forward microbes as cost-efficient factories to produce numerous chemical compounds. In this respect, the model organism Escherichia coli is considered an interesting species as it can grow on various feedstocks and a plethora of genetic information is available, facilitating expression of exogenous enzymes. For the purpose of shifting the fatty acid pool towards monounsaturated fatty acid, thioesterases and desaturases represent suitable candidate enzymes. The former stop chain elongation, reacting on acyl-chains of specific chain length and saturation level, whereas the latter directly target fatty acids to convert them into unsaturated analogues. In this review we summarize thioesterases and desaturases that have been introduced in E. coli to enrich unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, we discuss advantages of using bacteria for the production of designer compounds including but not limited to medium-chain monounsaturated fatty acids.
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( Eun Kyung Kim ),( Seung Ick Cha ),( Aaron V Schroeder ),( Jasleen Kukreja ),( Kirk D Jones ),( Jeffrey A Golden ),( Michael A Matthay ),( David J Erle ),( Harold R Collard ),( Paul J Wolters ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.114 No.-
Background: The prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) increases with age. Recent reports have demonstrated that mutations in TERT or TERC and short telomeres are risk factors for the development of IPF. Because short telomeres induce cellular senescence, these findings suggest senescence may occur in IPF lung. Methods: To evaluate for cellular senescence, we compared microRNA (miRNA) expression by miRNA arrays in type II epi-thelial cells. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and immunohistochemical detection of p16, p21 and p53 were examined in sections of lung obtained from IPF patients and normal controls. Results: Expression of miR34-a, -b, and -c, which reportedly induce senescence in human epithelial cells are increased in IPF type II epithelial cells. β-Galactosidase activity is detectable on type II epithelial cells of IPF, but not normal lung. p16, p21 and p53 were detectable by immunostaining in IPF epithelial cells. Conclusions: IPF epithelial cells express several markers of senescence. These results suggest that the senescence of alveolar epithelial cells is accelerated in patients with IPF and may play a role in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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