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Balakrishnan, A.,Panigrahi, B.B.,Sanosh, K.P.,Chu, Min-Cheol,Kim, T.N.,Cho, Seong-Jai Elsevier 2009 Journal of materials processing technology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This work attempts to improve the mechanical properties of alumina-10wt% zirconia (3mol% yttria stabilized) composite by infiltrating a glass (magnesium aluminum silicate glass) of lower thermal expansion on the surface at high temperature. The glass improved the strength of the composite at room temperature as well as at higher temperatures. There was a significant improvement in the Weibull modulus after the glass infiltration. Glass-infiltrated samples showed better thermal shock resistance. The magnitude of strength increment was found to be in the order of the surface residual stress generated by thermo-elastic properties mismatch between the composite and the infiltrated glass.</P>
Panigrahi, B.,Pandey, H.N.,Pattanaik, A.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.5
The effects of pre-partum feeding management in terms of birth weight, growth, metabolic profile and immunity of calves were studied using 24 crossbred (Bos taurus${\times}$Bos indicus) cows, divided into three equal groups. The dietary treatments included feeding of either 3.0 kg concentrate/head/d throughout the 60 d pre-partum (T$_1$), or 3.0 kg concentrate during 60-22 d pre-partum and thereafter at an increased allowance at 0.25 kg/d during the next 21 d till it reached 1% of live weight (T$_2$). The third group of cows was fed similar to T$_2$, except that the concentrate feeding during 60-22 d pre-partum was reduced to 2.0 kg (T$_3$). All the groups had access to ad libitum green fodder throughout. The results revealed that the mean daily dry matter (DM) intake by the cows was similar (p>0.05) among the three groups during the 60 days of the pre-partum but T2 animals tended to gain more live weight (41.25 kg) than T$_1$ (38.12 kg) and T$_3$ (36.25 kg). The body condition score of the cows did not change appreciably over the experimental period. The mean birth weight of the calves was 24.00${\pm}$1.10, 24.63${\pm}$1.17 and 23.25${\pm}$1.19 kg for the three groups, respectively, with the corresponding average daily gain of 154.2, 155.0 and 169.7 g during the subsequent 60 days; both these parameters did not vary significantly ascribable to prepartum feeding regimens of their dams. The total immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration in the colostrum was 6.31${\pm}$0.34, 5.80${\pm}$0.21 and 6.13${\pm}$0.30 g/dl for the three groups, respectively, showing no influence of dietary treatments. The mean serum Ig levels (T$_1$ 2.10${\pm}$0.09, T$_2$ 2.05${\pm}$0.09 and T$_3$ 2.10${\pm}$0.12 g/dl) of calves at 5 d of age were similar among the dietary groups as was the case with various serum biochemical constituents. It is concluded that the variations in pre-partum dietary management elicited no significant influence on the calf performance including the immune status.
Microindentation fracture behavior of surface modified alumina ceramic using glass infiltration
Balakrishnan, A.,Panigrahi, B.B.,Chu, M.C.,Kim, T.N.,Cho, S.J. Elsevier 2009 Journal of materials processing technology Vol.209 No.4
This study investigates the effect of a low expansion glass (Mg<SUB>3</SUB>Al<SUB>2</SUB>Si<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>18</SUB>) treatment on the surface fracture toughness of sintered alumina. The surface fracture toughness was determined by direct indentation method (Vickers indentations), carried out at different loads ranging from 9.8 to 196N. The crack lengths on the surface at each load were found to be decreased (8-12%) by glass treatment and the corresponding crack resistance values increased by about 17-20%. Both sintered and glass treated specimens showed rising trend in crack resistance values as the indentation load was increased. There was also a significant increase in the Weibull modulus value of crack resistance. Improved properties of glass treated sample were attributed to the formation of a relatively larger process zone surrounding the crack, crack arrest behavior due to the compressive stresses and the crack bridging phenomena. The compressive stresses were generated from the thermo-elastic properties mismatch: (a) between the glass and the ceramic in the glass infiltrated zone, and (b) the glass-ceramic composite layer and the ceramic substrate.
<i>In vitro</i> biocompatibility of equal channel angular processed (ECAP) titanium
Kim, Taik Nam,Balakrishnan, A,Lee, B C,Kim, W S,Smetana, K,Park, J K,Panigrahi, B B Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd 2007 Biomedical Materials Vol.2 No.3
<P>This work attempts to understand the <I>in vitro</I> biocompatibility of ultrafine grained titanium prepared by the ECAP route. The results obtained from the mouse fibroblast cell line 3T3 showed a better cell adherence and cell proliferation on ECAP titanium specimen compared to the coarse grain Grade-2 Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy. This could be attributed to the increased surface energy and grain boundary energy and possibly the presence of a large number of nano-size conical groove-like structures (at triple point junctions of grain boundaries on the surface) in the ECAP Ti specimen compared to the coarse grain Grade-2 Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy.</P>
Strengthening of alumina by a low thermal expansion glass at surface
Chu, M.C.,Panigrahi, B.B.,Balakrishnan, A.,Cho, S.J.,Yoon, K.J.,Kim, T.N.,Lee, K.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2007 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.452 No.-
A low thermal expansion glass was melted on the sintered alumina. The molten glass penetrated into the surface region of the alumina along the grain boundaries. Thermal and elastic properties mismatch between the glass-penetrated surface region and the interior of alumina produced residual compression in the surface region during cooling. The glass penetration improved the strength by about 53% and also there was a significantly improvement in the thermal shock resistance of the alumina. The observed enhancement in the strength was found to be almost equal to the residual stress generated as a result of thermal and elastic properties mismatch.
Sintering Behavior of Mechanically Alloyed Titanium - Titanium Nitride Nanocomposite Powders
Dabhade Vikram V.,Panigrahi B.B.,Godkhindi M.M.,Rama Mohan T. R.,Ramakrishnan P. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
The sintering behavior of titanium-titanium nitride nanocomposite powders has been studied by dilatometry. Titanium. titanium nitride nanocomposite powders were produced by the reactive milling of micron sized titanium powder in nitrogen atmosphere. The Ti-TiN nanocomposite powders milled for various durations along with the initial micron sized Ti powders were then sintered in the temperature range of by a constant rate of heating . The linear shrinkage, shrinkage rate, activation energy for sintering and microstructure has been studied and discussed as a function of milling time.
Analysis. Design and Control of Two-Level Voltage Source Converters for HVDC Systems
Mohan, D. Madhan,Singh, Bhim,Panigrahi, B.K. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2008 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.8 No.3
The Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is replacing the conventional line commutated current source converters in High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission systems. The control of a two-level voltage source converter and its design dealt with HVDC systems and various factors such as reactive power, power factor, and harmonics distortion are discussed in detail. Simulation results are given for the two-level converter and designed control is used for bidirectional power flow. The harmonics minimization is taken by extending the 6-pulse VSC to multipulse voltage source converters. The control is also tested and simulated for a 12-pulse voltage source converter to minimize the harmonic distortion in AC currents.