Sanitizing Korea: Anti-Cholera Activities of the Police in Early Colonial Korea

( Park Yunjae ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2010 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.23 No.2

The Gabo Reform cabinet in 1894 instituted the sanitary police system. With no cure or vaccine for epidemics available and few Western-trained doctors, the task of implementing disinfection and quarantine had to be taken up by the police. However, the sanitary police active in late Joseon Korea worked under civilian supervision. After the Protectorate Treaty of 1905, Japan changed the sanitary police system in Korea, reinforcing the role and the responsibility of the police. Unlike the Korean government, the colonial authority saw police enforcement as the mainstay of administrative implementation. The police-centered sanitizing system was fully established in 1911 when the full responsibility for sanitation work was transferred to the police. Whenever cholera raged through Korea, one of the first measures the Japanese colonial government took was to inspect sea vessels and trains. It was the police who were sent to examine the vessels and crews and also to see to the implementation of quarantine. Vaccination was regarded as the most effective preventive measure and the police controlled all aspects of vaccination campaigns. The most critical mission the police were assigned to carry out was house inspection. The police-centered anti-cholera activities seemed to work. With the exception of the years 1919, 1920 and 1926, colonial Korea did not see as many casualties from cholera as Japan did during the same period. However, the anti-cholera activities carried out by the police often encountered a hostile response from the people. Some expressed doubts about the police-centered anti-epidemic activities, arguing that the colonial government should provide sanitation education, not forced sanitation. But the key aspects of the police-centered sanitary system did not change. The successive budget cuts, together with the colonial government’s desire to control its subjects, prevented the rise of an adequate sanitary infrastructure, and led to the colonizers’ continued reliance on the sanitary police system.

Surgical refinement of the purse-string suture for skin and soft tissue defects of the head and neck

Park, Hyochun,Lee, Yunjae,Yeo, Hyeonjung,Park, Hannara Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2021 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.22 No.4

Background: The purse-string suture (PSS) is a simple and rapid wound closure method that results in minimal scarring. It has been used to treat circular or oval skin defects caused by tumor excision or trauma. However, due to obscurity, it is not widely used, especially for the head and neck. This study aimed to modify the PSS to obtain predictable and acceptable results. Methods: A total of 45 sites in 39 patients with various types of skin and soft tissue defects in the head and neck were treated with PSS. We used PDS II (2-0 to 5-0), which is an absorbable suture. Minimal dissection of the subcutaneous layer was performed. The suture knot was hidden by placing it in the dissection layer. Depending on the characteristics of the skin and soft tissue defects, additional surgical interventions such as side-to-side advancement sutures, double PSS, or split-thickness skin graft were applied. Results: All wounds healed completely without any serious complications. Large defects up to 45 mm in diameter were successfully reconstructed using only PSS. Postoperative radiating folds were almost flattened after approximately 1-2 months. Conclusion: PSS is simple, rapid, and relatively free from surgical design. Owing to the circumferential advancement of the surrounding tissue, PSS always results in a smaller scar than the initial lesion and less distortion of the body structures around the wound in the completely healed defect. If the operator can predict the process of healing and immediate radiating folds, PSS could be a favorable option for round skin defects in the head and neck.

Newly Designed HRTF Measuring System

Yunjae Lee,Youngjin Park,Youn-sik Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

Because people expect better sound reproduction that offers more realistic experience, 3D sound technologies are ceaselessly being improved. When we render 3D sound image using headphones or speakers, the main key of this technology is the Head-related transfer function (HRTF) database. Even though there are various HRTF databases they have some drawbacks such as detrimental effects caused by imperfect measuring environment and insufficient measurement points. In addition to those problems, there is no database aimed at Korean even if the HRTFs vary from person to person. Therefore we are planning to develop the HRTF database for Korean. As a first step to do it, the new HRTF measuring system without aforementioned drawbacks is designed. In this paper, the newly designed HRTF measuring system is introduced and the overall effects are analyzed caused by the diffraction of the apparatus, especially the headrest and backrest of the chair.

Fabrication of Electro-active Polymer Actuator Based on Transparent Graphene Electrode

Yunjae Park,Hyonkwang Choi,Kihong Im,Seonpil Kim,Minhyon Jeon 한국진공학회 2014 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2014 No.2

Anti-Cholera Measures by the Japanese Colonial Government and the Reaction of Koreans in the Early 1920s

Park Yunjae The Academy of Korean Studies 2005 THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.8 No.4

Vulvar Reconstruction Using Keystone Flaps Based on the Perforators of Three Arteries

Yunjae Lee,Sanghun Lee,Dongkyu Lee,Hyeonjung Yeo,Hannara Park,Hyochun Park 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.6

Various flaps are used to reconstruct skin and soft tissue defects of the vulva following resection of malignancies. Whenever possible, reconstruction using local flaps is the standard treatment. Here, we describe vulvar defect reconstruction using keystone flaps. Standard keystone flaps are based on randomly located vascular perforators. However, we designed a keystone flap that includes perforators of three named arteries (the anterior labial artery of the external pudendal artery, cutaneous branches of the obturator artery, and posterior labial artery of the internal pudendal artery) and the pudendal nerve, which accompanies the internal pudendal artery. Four patients with squamous cell carcinoma and extramammary Paget’s disease of the vulva underwent radical vulvectomy and keystone flaps including perforators of three arteries. Depending on the morphology of the defects, keystone flaps were used with different designs. For elliptical and unilateral vulvar defects, a standard keystone flap was designed, and for defects on both sides of the vulva, a double opposing keystone flap was used. For oval defects, the omega variant keystone flap was designed, and when the morphology of the defect needed rotation of the flap, a rotational keystone flap was designed. All the patients showed good function and sensation, with an acceptable cosmetic appearance.

The Work of Sherwood Hall and the Haiju Tuberculosis Sanatorium in Colonial Korea

PARK Yunjae 대한의사학회 2013 醫史學 Vol.22 No.3

Sherwood Hall established a tuberculosis sanatorium in 1928 in Haeju, Hwanghaedo Province. While founding Haiju Sanatorium, he had to overcome a couple of problems. Firstly, foreign missions could not afford a sanatorium. The Methodist mission that dispatched Hall initially expressed a negative response to his endeavors. Ms. Verburg’s bequest finally enabled Hall to build a sanatorium. The next obstacle was the objections of neighbors. To overcome opposition, Hall called the sanatorium a School of Hygiene for the Tuberculosis. Finding staffs, nurses in particular, was another problem. Hall stressed that, with precautionary measures, there was relatively little risk. Hall tried to furnish the sanatorium with the most modern facilities and make the sanatorium a place where the public was taught to fight against tuberculosis. Furthermore, Hall built a model farm in conjunction with the sanatorium. The farm would work not only as a stock farm for providing milk and meat but also as a field for occupational therapy. In 1932, in order to secure funding for the expansion of the sanatorium, Hall published the first Christmas seals in Korea, using the sale as an opportunity to organize a civil movement. The relationship of the Haiju Sanatorium with the colonial power was very amicable. Hall was able to establish the sanatorium through the generous co-operation of the colonial government. To the colonial power, the establishment of a tuberculosis sanatorium would mean a lessening of the suffering and death rate from tuberculosis. However, the situation changed in the early 1930s. The colonial power ruled out one of its potentially greatest allies, the missionary power. When the Association for Tuberculosis Prevention of Hwanghaedo Province was established, Hall was appointed to none of the major positions. Medical missionaries could be a threat to the colonial power, which wanted to lead the antituberculosis movement. In 1940, Hall was expelled from Korea, being allegedly accused as a spy of America.

Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Glucose Measurement

Park, Minjeong,Choi, Hyonkwang,Park, Yunjae,Lee, Wookyoung,Lee, Jewon,Jeon, Minhyon American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.10

한국 근현대의료사의 연구동향과 전망(2010-2019): 사회사적 관점의 부상과 민족주의적 이분법의 약화

박윤재(PARK Yunjae) 대한의사학회 2020 醫史學 Vol.29 No.2

In the 2010s, research on modern history of medicine in Korea has yielded notably outcomes. There have been social historical inquiries investigating the organic relationship between medicine and society, and there has been a study overcoming the traditional nationalistic dichotomous approach. A social historical perspective has been used to analyze the issues of knowledge and politics; the time period of its application was clustered around the colonial period. The condition of colonialism is both important and convenient for analyzing how and to what extent medicine, which is usually deemed neutral, contains a will of authority. Building on existing research, an attempt to understand a subject based on a combination of various elements or from various angles is needed. Accumulating empirical data is important to further advance related research. It is necessary to verify the accuracy of basic facts and build up verified facts. Sometimes theories are applied to research on the history of medicine. However, they are merely a passive application of existing theories and fail to lead to modification and fortification of the theories based on the case of Korea, let alone the establishment of an independent theory. Accumulating empirical studies would help create a unique theory for the Korean case. To establish a new theory, characteristics of the Korean case need to be identified, which have been formed by the Korean tradition. An understanding of the modern situation inevitably leads to an interest in the tradition. Another necessary effort is to expand territories, and one of them would be to develop interests in patients and consumers.

Extraordinarily aggressive cutaneous sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the face: a case report

Lee, Yunjae,Lee, Dongkyu,Yeo, Hyeonjung,Park, Hannara,Park, Hyochun Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2022 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.23 No.2

Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC), a biphasic malignant tumor consisting of atypical squamous epithelial and mesenchymal elements mixed with epithelioid and spindle cells, is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous SSCC is very rare and aggressive and has a poor prognosis. Here, we report a case of cutaneous SSCC with satellites and in-transit metastases. A 79-year-old woman presented with a protruding mass on the left temporal area sized 1.2×1.0 cm. The punch biopsy report indicated keratoacanthoma or well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The size of the tumor increased to 2.7×2.0 cm after 8 days. An excisional biopsy was performed with a 2 mm safety margin. The tumor was identified as SSCC with a clear resection margin. Reoperation was performed thrice with an increased safety margin of 10 mm; however, the cancer recurred along with satellites and in-transit metastases. Chemoradiotherapy was administered; however, the size of the tumor increased along with satellites and in-transit metastases. The patient expired 162 days after the initial excision. Complete excision and immediate multidisciplinary approach should be combined during the early stages due to the aggressiveness and poor prognosis of cutaneous SSCC with satellites and in-transit metastasis.