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Shrimali, D.,Shanmugam, M.K.,Kumar, A.P.,Zhang, J.,Tan, B.K.H.,Ahn, K.S.,Sethi, G. Elsevier Science Ireland 2013 Cancer letters Vol.341 No.2
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a natural occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from roots and barks of numerous plants, molds, and lichens. It is found as an active ingredient in different Chinese herbs including Rheum palmatum and Polygonam multiflorum, and has diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of emodin have been exhibited in various in vitro as well as in vivo models of inflammation including pancreatitis, arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis and glomerulonephritis. As an anti-cancer agent, emodin has been shown to suppress the growth of various tumor cell lines including hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, breast, colorectal, leukemia, and lung cancers. Emodin is a pleiotropic molecule capable of interacting with several major molecular targets including NF-κB, casein kinase II, HER2/neu, HIF-1α, AKT/mTOR, STAT3, CXCR4, topoisomerase II, p53, p21, and androgen receptors which are involved in inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes reported anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects of emodin, and re-emphasizes its potential therapeutic role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Graphene supported Pt-Ni nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic electrolyte
Suh, W.k.,Ganesan, P.,Son, B.,Kim, H.,Shanmugam, S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.41 No.30
<P>The design of high performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts play an important role in the commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The morphology, structure, and composition of the support material significantly affect the catalytic activity of the fuel cell catalyst. In this work, we report a systematic and comparative study of the effects of the support morphology for Pt-Ni nanoparticles for the ORR. The effect of the support morphology on the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction was investigated. Pt-Ni alloy catalysts were characterized using various physico-chemical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Pt-Ni alloy nanoparticles were deposited uniformly on a graphene support and their oxygen reduction activities were evaluated in an acid electrolyte. The ORR activity of Pt-Ni supported on graphene was also compared with Pt-Ni supported on Vulcan carbon XC-72 and carbon nanotubes. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of Pt-Ni alloy catalysts were studied using cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, rotating disk electrode, and rotating ring disk electrode techniques. The results demonstrate that the graphene supported Pt-Ni catalyst showed the highest ORR activity among the three evaluated catalysts. (C) 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Hybrid metal-Cu2S nanostructures as efficient co-catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Park, J. H.,Ramasamy, P.,Kim, S.,Kim, Y.,Ahilan, V.,Shanmugam, S.,Lee, J. S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical communications Vol.53 No.22
<P>In this communication, we present a new synthesis method for the fabrication of hybrid metal-Cu2S (M = Pt, FePt) nanocrystals (HNs). The metal-Cu2S HNs were investigated in photocatalytic hydrogen generation as effective co-catalysts on TiO2. The Pt-Cu2S/TiO2 catalyst showed a higher hydrogen generation rate compared with a pure TiO2 catalyst. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effects between Cu2S and Pt, which significantly improve the light absorption ability and the charge separation activity.</P>
Ganesan, P.,Sivanantham, A.,Shanmugam, S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.4 No.42
<P>Efficient and durable electrocatalysts for water splitting (both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)) are required for the replacement of expensive noble metal-based catalysts used in water electrolysis devices. Herein, we describe the inexpensive synthesis of electrochemically deposited nickel iron sulphides on nickel foam (NiFeS/NF) and their use as highly efficient bi-functional water splitting catalysts that can meet the current energy demands. The NiFeS/NF electrocatalysts exhibited low overpotentials of approximately 231 mV for the OER and 180 mV for the HER in 1 M KOH. Moreover, the NiFeS/NF electrocatalysts exhibited a turnover frequency of one order of magnitude higher than those of state-of-the-art noble metal catalysts (RuO2 and Pt/C) for the OER and HER. In addition to this excellent activity, the bi-functional catalyst also exhibited an outstanding OER and HER electrode stability for over 200 h with minimal loss in activity. Further, it can be directly used in the practical application of alkaline electrolyte membrane water electrolysis. The high performance, prolonged electrode stability, and facile synthesis as an adherent coating on nickel foam suggest that NiFeS/NF electrocatalysts might be suitable for use as alternative commercially viable catalysts.</P>
Shanmugam, P.,Ahn, Yu-Hwan,Sanjeevi, S.,Manjunath, A.S. The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 2003 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.19 No.5
As the launches of a series of remote sensing satellites, there are various multiresolution and multi-spectral images available nowadays. This diversity in remotely sensed image data has created a need to be able to integrate data from different sources. The C-band imaging radar of ERS-2 due to its high sensitivity to coastal wetlands holds tremendous potential in mapping and monitoring coastal wetland features. This paper investigates the advantages of using ERS-2 SAR data combined with IRS-ID LISS-3 data for mapping complex coastal wetland features of Tamil Nadu, southern India. We present a methodology in this paper that highlights the mapping potential of different combinations of filtering and integration techniques. The methodology adopted here consists of three major steps as following: (i) speckle noise reduction by comparative performance of different filtering algorithms, (ii) geometric rectification and coregistration, and (iii) application of different integration techniques. The results obtained from the analysis of optical and microwave image data have proved their potential use in improving interpretability of different coastal wetland features of southern India. Based visual and statistical analyzes, this study suggests that brovey transform will perform well in terms of preserving spatial and spectral content of the original image data. It was also realized that speckle filtering is very important before fusing optical and microwave data for mapping coastal mangrove wetland ecosystem.
P. Shanmugam,Yu Hwan Ahn,S. Sanjeevi,A. S. Manjunath 大韓遠隔探査學會 2003 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.19 No.5
As the launches of a series of remote sensing satellites, there are various multiresolution and multi-spectral images available nowadays. This diversity in remotely sensed image data has created a need to be able to integrate data from different sources. The C-band imaging radar of ERS-2 due to its high sensitivity to coastal wetlands holds tremendous potential in mapping and monitoring coastal wetland features. This paper investigates the advantages of using ERS-2 SAR data combined with IRS-1D LISS-3 data for mapping complex coastal wetland features of Tamil Nadu, southern India. We present a methodology in this paper that highlights the mapping potential of different combinations of filtering and integration techniques. The methodology adopted here consists of three major steps as following: (i) speckle noise reduction by comparative performance of different filtering algorithms, (ii) geometric rectification and coregistration, and (iii) application of different integration techniques. The results obtained from the analysis of optical and microwave image data have proved their potential use in improving interpretability of different coastal wetland features of southern India. Based visual and statistical analyzes, this study suggests that brovey transform will perform well in terms of preserving spatial and spectral content of the original image data. It was also realized that speckle filtering is very important before fusing optical and microwave data for mapping coastal mangrove wetland ecosystem.
Enhancement of Semantic Interoperability in Healthcare Systems Using IFCIoT Architecture
Sony P,Siva Shanmugam G,Sureshkumar Nagarajan 한국인터넷정보학회 2024 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.18 No.4
Fast decision support systems and accurate diagnosis have become significant in the rapidly growing healthcare sector. As the number of disparate medical IoT devices connected to the human body rises, fast and interrelated healthcare data retrieval gets harder and harder. One of the most important requirements for the Healthcare Internet of Things (HIoT) is semantic interoperability. The state-of-the-art HIoT systems have problems with bandwidth and latency. An extension of cloud computing called fog computing not only solves the latency problem but also provides other benefits including resource mobility and on-demand scalability. The recommended approach helps to lower latency and network bandwidth consumption in a system that provides semantic interoperability in healthcare organizations. To evaluate the system's language processing performance, we simulated it in three different contexts. 1. Polysemy resolution system 2. System for hyponymy -hypernymy resolution with polysemy 3. System for resolving polysemy, hypernymy, hyponymy, meronymy, and holonymy. In comparison to the other two systems, the third system has lower latency and network usage. The proposed framework can reduce the computation overhead of heterogeneous healthcare data. The simulation results show that fog computing can reduce delay, network usage, and energy consumption.