Safety of middle meningeal artery embolization for treatment of subdural hematoma: A nationwide propensity score matched analysis

Carson P. McCann,Michael G Brandel,Arvin R. Wali,Jeffrey A. Steinberg,J. Scott Pannell,David R. Santiago-Dieppa,Alexander A. Khalessi 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2023 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.25 No.4

Objective: Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAe) has burgeoned as a treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). This study evaluates the safety and short-term outcomes of MMAe patients relative to traditional treatment approaches.Methods: In this retrospective large database study, adult patients in the National Inpatient Sample from 2012-2019 with a diagnosis of cSDH were identified. Cost of admission, length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and complications were analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized.Results: A total of 123,350 patients with cSDH were identified: 63,450 without intervention, 59,435 surgery only, 295 MMAe only, and 170 surgery plus MMAe. On PSM analysis, MMAe did not increase the risk of inpatient complications or prolong the length of stay compared to conservative management (p>0.05); MMAe had higher cost ($31,170 vs. $10,768, p<0.001) than conservative management, and a lower rate of nonroutine discharge (53.8% vs. 64.3%, p=0.024). Compared to surgery, MMAe had shorter LOS (5 vs. 7 days, p<0.001), and lower rates of neurological complications (2.7% vs. 7.1%, p=0.029) and nonroutine discharge (53.8% vs. 71.7%, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in cost (p>0.05).Conclusions: MMAe had similar LOS and decreased odds of adverse discharge with a modest cost increase compared to conservative management. There was no difference in inpatient complications. Compared to surgery, MMAe treatment was associated with decreased LOS and rates of neurological complications and nonroutine discharge. This nationwide analysis supports the safety of MMAe to treat cSDH.

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Fourteenth data release

Pâ,ris, Isabelle,Petitjean, Patrick,Aubourg, É,ric,Myers, Adam D.,Streblyanska, Alina,Lyke, Brad W.,Anderson, Scott F.,Armengaud, É,ric,Bautista, Julian,Blanton, Michael R.,Blomqvist, Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.613 No.-

<P>We present the data release 14 Quasar catalog (DR14Q) from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). This catalog includes all SDSS-IV/eBOSS objects that were spectroscopically targeted as quasar candidates and that are confirmed as quasars via a new automated procedure combined with a partial visual inspection of spectra, have luminosities <I>M</I>i [<I>z</I> = 2] < −20.5 (in a Λ CDM cosmology with <I>H</I>0 = 70 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>−1</SUP>, Ω M =0.3, and Ω Λ = 0.7), and either display at least one emission line with a full width at half maximum larger than 500 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> or, if not, have interesting/complex absorption features. The catalog also includes previously spectroscopically-confirmed quasars from SDSS-I, II, and III. The catalog contains 526 356 quasars (144 046 are new discoveries since the beginning of SDSS-IV) detected over 9376 deg<SUP>2</SUP> (2044 deg<SUP>2</SUP> having new spectroscopic data available) with robust identification and redshift measured by a combination of principal component eigenspectra. The catalog is estimated to have about 0.5% contamination. Redshifts are provided for the Mg II emission line. The catalog identifies 21 877 broad absorption line quasars and lists their characteristics. For each object, the catalog presents five-band (<I>u</I>, <I>g</I>, <I>r</I>, <I>i</I>, <I>z</I>) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag. The catalog also contains X-ray, ultraviolet, near-infrared, and radio emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. The calibrated digital spectra, covering the wavelength region 3610-10 140 Å at a spectral resolution in the range 1300 < <I>R</I> < 2500, can be retrieved from the SDSS Science Archiver Server.</P>

A phase I/II and pharmacogenomic study of pemetrexed and cisplatin in patients with unresectable, advanced gastric carcinoma

Chen, Jen-Shi,Chao, Yee,Bang, Yung-Jue,Roca, Enrique,Chung, Hyun C.,Palazzo, Felipe,Kim, Yeul H.,Myrand, Scott P.,Mullaney, Brian P.,Shen, Li J.,Linn, Carlos Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2010 ANTICANCER DRUGS Vol.21 No.8

This phase I/II study was conducted to determine the maximum recommended dose of pemetrexed when given in combination with a fixed dose of cisplatin, and the efficacy, toxicity and association of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variants with this pemetrexed--cisplatin combination, in patients with unresectable, advanced gastric carcinoma. Patients 18–70 years of age, with stage IV disease or post-surgery recurrence, no earlier palliative chemotherapy, 0 or 1 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, were included. The cisplatin dose was 75 mg/m. In phase I, the initial dose of pemetrexed was 600 mg/m, escalated in 100 mg/m increments. In phase II, efficacy, including overall response rate, overall survival, as well as toxicity and MTHFR pharmacogenetics were investigated. Phase I enrolled 16 patients; 700 mg/m was defined as pemetrexed recommended dose. Thirteen serious adverse events were reported; the most common grade 3/4 toxicities were haematologic (10 of 13, 76.9%). Phase II enrolled 73 patients, 69 qualified for safety and 68 for efficacy analysis; 65 for pharmacogenomic analysis. Overall response rate was 23.5% (14.1%, 35.4%), disease control rate 55.9%, median overall survival 11.8 months (95% confidence interval, 7.2–18.5 months), progression-free survival 4.9 months (95% confidence interval, 2.8–7.1 months), and median response duration 5.4 months. Patients with MTHFR A1298C variants had median overall survival of 6.6 months, significantly shorter than patients with the wild type (median 18.5 months, P=0.001). The pemetrexed--cisplatin combination in patients with advanced gastric cancer generates modest efficacy and a manageable toxicity profile. The reduced overall survival in patients with MTHFR A1298C polymorphism variants deserves further investigation.

Comprehensive Analysis Reveals Dynamic and Evolutionary Plasticity of Rab GTPases and Membrane Traffic in <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i>

Bright, Lydia J.,Kambesis, Nichole,Nelson, Scott Brent,Jeong, Byeongmoon,Turkewitz, Aaron P. Public Library of Science 2010 PLoS genetics Vol.6 No.10

<▼1><P>Cellular sophistication is not exclusive to multicellular organisms, and unicellular eukaryotes can resemble differentiated animal cells in their complex network of membrane-bound structures. These comparisons can be illuminated by genome-wide surveys of key gene families. We report a systematic analysis of Rabs in a complex unicellular Ciliate, including gene prediction and phylogenetic clustering, expression profiling based on public data, and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) tagging. Rabs are monomeric GTPases that regulate membrane traffic. Because Rabs act as compartment-specific determinants, the number of Rabs in an organism reflects intracellular complexity. The <I>Tetrahymena</I> Rab family is similar in size to that in humans and includes both expansions in conserved Rab clades as well as many divergent Rabs. Importantly, more than 90% of Rabs are expressed concurrently in growing cells, while only a small subset appears specialized for other conditions. By localizing most Rabs in living cells, we could assign the majority to specific compartments. These results validated most phylogenetic assignments, but also indicated that some sequence-conserved Rabs were co-opted for novel functions. Our survey uncovered a rare example of a nuclear Rab and substantiated the existence of a previously unrecognized core Rab clade in eukaryotes. Strikingly, several functionally conserved pathways or structures were found to be associated entirely with divergent Rabs. These pathways may have permitted rapid evolution of the associated Rabs or may have arisen independently in diverse lineages and then converged. Thus, characterizing entire gene families can provide insight into the evolutionary flexibility of fundamental cellular pathways.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Single-celled organisms appear simple compared to multicellular organisms, but this may not be true at the level of the individual cell. In fact, microscopic observations suggest that protists can possess networks of organelles just as elaborate as those in animal cells. Consistent with this idea, recent analysis has identified large families of genes in protists that are predicted to act as determinants for complex membrane networks. To test these predictions and to probe relationships between cellular structures across a wide swath of evolution, we focused on one gene family in the single-celled organism <I>Tetrahymena</I>. These genes control the traffic between organelles, with each gene controlling a single step in this traffic. We asked three questions about each of 56 genes in the family. First, what is the gene related to in humans? Second, under what conditions is the gene being used in <I>Tetrahymena</I>? Third, what is the role of each gene? The results provide insights into both the dynamics and evolution of membrane traffic, including the finding that some pathways appearing both structurally and functionally similar in protists and animals are likely to have arisen independently in the two lineages.</P></▼2>

Elucidation of the Structure and Reaction Mechanism of Sorghum Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and Its Structural Relationship to Other Coenzyme A-Dependent Transferases and Synthases

Walker, Alexander M.,Hayes, Robert P.,Youn, Buhyun,Vermerris, Wilfred,Sattler, Scott E.,Kang, ChulHee American Society of Plant Biologists 2013 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.162 No.2

<P><I>The catalytic mechanism and exact specificity for hydroxycinnamoyltransferase from sorghum were determined by comprehensive approaches with crystal structures of apo-form and ternary product complex, site-directed mutagenesis, and kinetic and thermodynamic analyses.</I></P>

OPTIMAL SURVEY STRATEGIES AND PREDICTED PLANET YIELDS FOR THE KOREAN MICROLENSING TELESCOPE NETWORK

Henderson, Calen B.,Gaudi, B. Scott,Han, Cheongho,Skowron, Jan,Penny, Matthew T.,Nataf, David,Gould, Andrew P. IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Vol.794 No.1

<P>The Korean Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) will consist of three 1.6 m telescopes each with a 4 deg(2) field of view (FoV) and will be dedicated to monitoring the Galactic Bulge to detect exoplanets via gravitational microlensing. KMTNet's combination of aperture size, FoV, cadence, and longitudinal coverage will provide a unique opportunity to probe exoplanet demographics in an unbiased way. Here we present simulations that optimize the observing strategy for and predict the planetary yields of KMTNet. We find preferences for four target fields located in the central Bulge and an exposure time of t(exp) = 120 s, leading to the detection of similar to 2200 microlensing events per year. We estimate the planet detection rates for planets with mass and separation across the ranges 0.1 <= M-p/M-circle plus <= 1000 and 0.4 <= a/AU <= 16, respectively. Normalizing these rates to the cool-planet mass function of Cassan et al., we predict KMTNet will be approximately uniformly sensitive to planets with mass 5 <= M-p/M-circle plus <= 1000 and will detect similar to 20 planets per year per dex in mass across that range. For lower-mass planets with mass 0.1 <= M-p/M-circle plus < 5, we predict KMTNet will detect similar to 10 planets per year. We also compute the yields KMTNet will obtain for free-floating planets (FFPs) and predict KMTNet will detect similar to 1 Earth-mass FFP per year, assuming an underlying population of one such planet per star in the Galaxy. Lastly, we investigate the dependence of these detection rates on the number of observatories, the photometric precision limit, and optimistic assumptions regarding seeing, throughput, and flux measurement uncertainties.</P>

Bcr1 Functions Downstream of Ssd1 To Mediate Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance in <i>Candida albicans</i>

Jung, Sook-In,Finkel, Jonathan S.,Solis, Norma V.,Chaili, Siyang,Mitchell, Aaron P.,Yeaman, Michael R.,Filler, Scott G. American Society for Microbiology 2013 EUKARYOTIC CELL Vol.12 No.3

<P>In order to colonize the host and cause disease, <I>Candida albicans</I> must avoid being killed by host defense peptides. Previously, we determined that the regulatory protein Ssd1 governs antimicrobial peptide resistance in <I>C. albicans</I>. Here, we sought to identify additional genes whose products govern susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides. We discovered that a <I>bcr1</I>Δ/Δ mutant, like the <I>ssd1</I>Δ/Δ mutant, had increased susceptibility to the antimicrobial peptides, protamine, RP-1, and human β defensin-2. Homozygous deletion of <I>BCR1</I> in the <I>ssd1</I>Δ/Δ mutant did not result in a further increase in antimicrobial peptide susceptibility. Exposure of the <I>bcr1</I>Δ/Δ and <I>ssd1</I>Δ/Δ mutants to RP-1 induced greater loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased plasma membrane permeability than with the control strains. Therefore, Bcr1 and Ssd1 govern antimicrobial peptide susceptibility and likely function in the same pathway. Furthermore, <I>BCR1</I> mRNA expression was downregulated in the <I>ssd1</I>Δ/Δ mutant, and the forced expression of <I>BCR1</I> in the <I>ssd1</I>Δ/Δ mutant partially restored antimicrobial peptide resistance. These results suggest that Bcr1 functions downstream of Ssd1. Interestingly, overexpression of 11 known Bcr1 target genes in the <I>bcr1</I>Δ/Δ mutant failed to restore antimicrobial peptide resistance, suggesting that other Bcr1 target genes are likely responsible for antimicrobial peptide resistance. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Bcr1 functions downstream of Ssd1 to govern antimicrobial peptide resistance by maintaining mitochondrial energetics and reducing membrane permeabilization.</P>

지속가능한 관리

Scott Bowman, P. E.,김대중(번역자) 대한설비공학회 2014 설비저널 Vol.43 No.12

Arp 202: a TDG formed in a parent's extended dark matter halo?

Scott, T C,Lagos, P,Ramya, S,Sengupta, C,Paudel, S,Sahu, D K,Misra, K,Woo, J -H,Sohn, B W Oxford University Press 2018 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.475 No.1

<P>We report on H alpha+ [N II] imaging of the Arp 202 interacting pair and its tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG) candidate as well as a GMOS long slit spectrum from the TDG candidate, observed with the Gemini North telescope. Our H alpha + [N II] imaging reveals the TDG to have an elongated structure, similar to 1.9 kpc in length with the two principal star-forming knots at either end. Our observations also show the TDG candidate has a recessional V-H alpha similar to 3032km s(-1), within 100 km s(-1) of the parent pair's mean velocity and an oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H) = 8.10 +/- 0.41. The TDG's oxygen abundance is in good agreement with that of a star-forming region in NGC 2719A, one of the parent galaxies, which has an estimated oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H) = 8.05 +/- 0.41. The TDG's V-H alpha and oxygen abundance confirm previous results validating the candidate as a TDG. The absence of detectable emission from the TDG in Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 vim images together with the lack of absorption lines and weak continuum in the spectrum is consistent with absence the of an old population (greater than or similar to 0.5 Gyr). The location of the TDG within the interaction debris and the absence of indicators of an old stellar population in the TDG is consistent with a scenario in which the TDG is formed from H I stripped from the parent galaxies and within the extended dark matter halo of one of the parents as proposed by Bournaud et al. and Duc et al.</P>

AzTEC millimetre survey of the COSMOS field – I. Data reduction and source catalogue

Scott, K. S.,Austermann, J. E.,Perera, T. A.,Wilson, G. W.,Aretxaga, I.,Bock, J. J.,Hughes, D. H.,Kang, Y.,Kim, S.,Mauskopf, P. D.,Sanders, D. B.,Scoville, N.,Yun, M. S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.385 No.4

<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We present a 1.1 mm wavelength imaging survey covering 0.3 deg<SUP>2</SUP> in the COSMOS field. These data, obtained with the AzTEC continuum camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, were centred on a prominent large-scale structure overdensity which includes a rich X-ray cluster at <I>z</I>≈ 0.73. A total of 50 mm-galaxy candidates, with a significance ranging from 3.5 to 8.5σ, are extracted from the central 0.15 deg<SUP>2</SUP> area which has a uniform sensitivity of ∼1.3 mJy beam<SUP>−1</SUP>. 16 sources are detected with S/N ≥ 4.5, where the expected false-detection rate is zero, of which a surprisingly large number (9) have intrinsic (deboosted) fluxes ≥5 mJy at 1.1 mm. Assuming the emission is dominated by radiation from dust, heated by a massive population of young, optically obscured stars, then these bright AzTEC sources have far-infrared luminosities >6 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> L<SUB>⊙</SUB> and star formation rates >1100 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>−1</SUP>. Two of these nine bright AzTEC sources are found towards the extreme peripheral region of the X-ray cluster, whilst the remainder are distributed across the larger scale overdensity. We describe the AzTEC data reduction pipeline, the source-extraction algorithm, and the characterization of the source catalogue, including the completeness, flux deboosting correction, false-detection rate and the source positional uncertainty, through an extensive set of Monte Carlo simulations. We conclude with a preliminary comparison, via a stacked analysis, of the overlapping MIPS 24-μm data and radio data with this AzTEC map of the COSMOS field.</P>