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A Bacterial Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibits Plant Pattern Recognition Receptor Activation
Macho, Alberto P.,Schwessinger, Benjamin,Ntoukakis, Vardis,Brutus, Alexandre,Segonzac, Cé,cile,Roy, Sonali,Kadota, Yasuhiro,Oh, Man-Ho,Sklenar, Jan,Derbyshire, Paul,Lozano-Durá,n, Rosa,Mal American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.343 No.6178
<P><B>Move and Countermove</B></P><P>Receptors on plant cell surfaces are tuned to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogenic bacteria. <B>Macho <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 1509; published online 13 March) found that activation of one of these receptors in <I>Arabidopsis</I> results in phosphorylation of a specific tyrosine residue, which in turn triggers the plant's immune response to the phytopathogen <I>Pseudomonas syringae. P. syringae</I> counters by secreting a specifically targeted phosphatase, thus stalling the plant's immune response.</P>
Positivity properties of the bundle of logarithmic tensors on compact Kähler manifolds
Campana, Fré,dé,ric,Pă,un, Mihai London Mathematical Society 2016 Compositio mathematica Vol.152 No.11
<P>Let $X$ be a compact Kähler manifold, endowed with an effective reduced divisor $B=\sum Y_{k}$ having simple normal crossing support. We consider a closed form of $(1,1)$-type $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ on $X$ whose corresponding class $\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\}$ is nef, such that the class $c_{1}(K_{X}+B)+\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\}\in H^{1,1}(X,\mathbb{R})$ is pseudo-effective. A particular case of the first result we establish in this short note states the following. Let $m$ be a positive integer, and let $L$ be a line bundle on $X$, such that there exists a generically injective morphism $L\rightarrow \bigotimes ^{m}T_{X}^{\star }\langle B\rangle$, where we denote by $T_{X}^{\star }\langle B\rangle$ the logarithmic cotangent bundle associated to the pair $(X,B)$. Then for any Kähler class $\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}\}$ on $X$, we have the inequality $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle \int _{X}c_{1}(L)\wedge \{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}\}^{n-1}\leqslant m\int _{X}(c_{1}(K_{X}+B)+\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\})\wedge \{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}\}^{n-1}.\end{eqnarray}$$ If $X$ is projective, then this result gives a generalization of a criterion due to Y. Miyaoka, concerning the generic semi-positivity: under the hypothesis above, let $Q$ be the quotient of $\bigotimes ^{m}T_{X}^{\star }\langle B\rangle$ by $L$. Then its degree on a generic complete intersection curve $C\subset X$ is bounded from below by $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle \biggl(\frac{n^{m}-1}{n-1}-m\biggr)\int _{C}(c_{1}(K_{X}+B)+\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\})-\frac{n^{m}-1}{n-1}\int _{C}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}.\end{eqnarray}$$ As a consequence, we obtain a new proof of one of the main results of our previous work [F. Campana and M. Păun, <I>Orbifold generic semi-positivity: an application to families of canonically polarized manifolds</I>, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 65 (2015), 835-861].</P>
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Fourteenth data release
Pâ,ris, Isabelle,Petitjean, Patrick,Aubourg, É,ric,Myers, Adam D.,Streblyanska, Alina,Lyke, Brad W.,Anderson, Scott F.,Armengaud, É,ric,Bautista, Julian,Blanton, Michael R.,Blomqvist, Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.613 No.-
<P>We present the data release 14 Quasar catalog (DR14Q) from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). This catalog includes all SDSS-IV/eBOSS objects that were spectroscopically targeted as quasar candidates and that are confirmed as quasars via a new automated procedure combined with a partial visual inspection of spectra, have luminosities <I>M</I>i [<I>z</I> = 2] < −20.5 (in a Λ CDM cosmology with <I>H</I>0 = 70 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>−1</SUP>, Ω M =0.3, and Ω Λ = 0.7), and either display at least one emission line with a full width at half maximum larger than 500 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> or, if not, have interesting/complex absorption features. The catalog also includes previously spectroscopically-confirmed quasars from SDSS-I, II, and III. The catalog contains 526 356 quasars (144 046 are new discoveries since the beginning of SDSS-IV) detected over 9376 deg<SUP>2</SUP> (2044 deg<SUP>2</SUP> having new spectroscopic data available) with robust identification and redshift measured by a combination of principal component eigenspectra. The catalog is estimated to have about 0.5% contamination. Redshifts are provided for the Mg II emission line. The catalog identifies 21 877 broad absorption line quasars and lists their characteristics. For each object, the catalog presents five-band (<I>u</I>, <I>g</I>, <I>r</I>, <I>i</I>, <I>z</I>) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag. The catalog also contains X-ray, ultraviolet, near-infrared, and radio emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. The calibrated digital spectra, covering the wavelength region 3610-10 140 Å at a spectral resolution in the range 1300 < <I>R</I> < 2500, can be retrieved from the SDSS Science Archiver Server.</P>
Spiral density waves in a young protoplanetary disk
Pé,rez, Laura M.,Carpenter, John M.,Andrews, Sean M.,Ricci, Luca,Isella, Andrea,Linz, Hendrik,Sargent, Anneila I.,Wilner, David J.,Henning, Thomas,Deller, Adam T.,Chandler, Claire J.,Dullemond, American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2016 Science Vol.353 No.6307
<P>Gravitational forces are expected to excite spiral density waves in protoplanetary disks, disks of gas and dust orbiting young stars. However, previous observations that showed spiral structure were not able to probe disk midplanes, where most of the mass is concentrated and where planet formation takes place. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we detected a pair of trailing symmetric spiral arms in the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young star Elias 2-27. The arms extend to the disk outer regions and can be traced down to the midplane. These millimeter-wave observations also reveal an emission gap closer to the star than the spiral arms. We argue that the observed spirals trace shocks of spiral density waves in the midplane of this young disk.</P>
Bakonyi, Pé,ter,Kumar, Gopalakrishnan,Bé,lafi-Bakó,, Katalin,Kim, Sang-Hyoun,Koter, Stanislaw,Kujawski, Wojciech,Nemestó,thy, Ná,ndor,Peter, Jakub,Pientka, Zbynek Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.270 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This review article focuses on an assessment of the innovative Gas Separation Membrane Bioreactor (GS-MBR), which is an emerging technology because of its potential for in-situ biohydrogen production and separation. The GS-MBR, as a special membrane bioreactor, enriches CO<SUB>2</SUB> directly from the headspace of the anaerobic H<SUB>2</SUB> fermentation process. CO<SUB>2</SUB> can be fed as a substrate to auxiliary photo-bioreactors to grow microalgae as a promising raw material for biocatalyzed, dark fermentative H<SUB>2</SUB>-evolution. Overall, these features make the GS-MBR worthy of study. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the GS-MBR has not been studied in detail to date; hence, a comprehensive review of this topic will be useful to the scientific community.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel integrative system has been proposed for biohydrogen technology. </LI> <LI> Innovative Gas Separation Membrane Bioreactors are evaluated. </LI> <LI> Simultaneous biohydrogen production and separation is outlined. </LI> <LI> Gas separation membrane technology for CO<SUB>2</SUB> removal is suggested. </LI> <LI> Algae cultivation using the CO<SUB>2</SUB> removed and biohydrogen effluent is assessed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Structure of Full-Length SMC and Rearrangements Required for Chromosome Organization
Diebold-Durand, Marie-Laure,Lee, Hansol,Ruiz Avila, Laura B.,Noh, Haemin,Shin, Ho-Chul,Im, Haeri,Bock, Florian P.,Bü,rmann, Frank,Durand, Alexandre,Basfeld, Alrun,Ham, Sihyun,Basquin, Jé,r&o Cell Press 2017 Molecular cell Vol.67 No.2
<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Multi-subunit SMC complexes control chromosome superstructure and promote chromosome disjunction, conceivably by actively translocating along DNA double helices. SMC subunits comprise an ABC ATPase “head” and a “hinge” dimerization domain connected by a 49 nm coiled-coil “arm.” The heads undergo ATP-dependent engagement and disengagement to drive SMC action on the chromosome. Here, we elucidate the architecture of prokaryotic Smc dimers by high-throughput cysteine cross-linking and crystallography. Co-alignment of the Smc arms tightly closes the interarm space and misaligns the Smc head domains at the end of the rod by close apposition of their ABC signature motifs. Sandwiching of ATP molecules between Smc heads requires them to substantially tilt and translate relative to each other, thereby opening up the Smc arms. We show that this mechanochemical gating reaction regulates chromosome targeting and propose a mechanism for DNA translocation based on the merging of DNA loops upon closure of Smc arms.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Crystallography and in vivo cross-linking reveal the architecture of prokaryotic Smc</P>•<P>Juxtaposition of the Smc arms misaligns the two Smc ATPase domains</P>•<P>Smc head engagement mechanically opens an interarm space</P>•<P>A model for DNA loop extrusion driven by the SMC ATPase cycle is presented</P></P></▼2><▼3><P>By combining high-throughput in vivo cysteine cross-linking and crystallography, Diebold-Durand et al. construct a high-resolution model of full-length prokaryotic Smc. It reveals that the rod-shaped Smc dimer lacks chambers for DNA and features misaligned head domains. Smc head engagement mechanically opens an interarm space.</P></▼3>