Overexpression of dehydration-responsive element-binding 1 protein (DREB1) in transgenic Solanum tuberosum enhances tolerance to biotic stress

Mariam Charfeddine,Donia Bouaziz,Safa Charfeddine,Asma Hammami,Oumèma Nouri Ellouz,Radhia Gargouri Bouzid 한국식물생명공학회 2015 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.9 No.2

Plant growth and productivity are greatly affected by environmental stresses such as dehydration, high salinity, low temperature and pathogen infection. Plant adaptation to these environmental stresses is controlled by cascades of molecular networks. The dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors play an important role in the response of plants to environmental stresses by controlling the expression of many stress-related genes. They specifically interact with C-repeat/DRE (A/ GCCGAC) sequences present in the promoter regions of target genes. One of the DREB1 cDNA was previously cloned and overexpressed in transgenic potato plants. These transgenic plants displayed an improved tolerance to high salinity and drought stresses. The StDREB1 factor belongs to A-4 group that seem to be involved in biotic stress response. This report investigates the effect of Fusarium solani infection on the StDREB1 transgenic lines. Since a number of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are considered as DREB1 target genes, the expression of PR2, PR9 and PR3 genes were tested under biotic stress conditions. The β-1,3-glucanase (PR2) was specifically induced upon infection, whereas the chitinase and the peroxydase were expressed constitutively. The data also show that high levels of DREB1 transcripts accumulated rapidly when wild-type and transgenic plants were infected by F. solani. DREB1 transgenic potato plants accumulated higher levels of pathogenesis-related gene transcripts, such as PR2. These results showed that StDREB1 plays an important role in response to fungal attack in potato.

Faster algorithms for vertex partitioning problems parameterized by clique-width

Oum, S.i.,Saether, S.H.,Vatshelle, M. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Theoretical computer science Vol.535 No.-

Many NP-hard problems, such as Dominating Set, are FPT parameterized by clique-width. For graphs of clique-width k given with a k-expression, Dominating Set can be solved in 4<SUP>k</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP> time. However, no FPT algorithm is known for computing an optimal k-expression. For a graph of clique-width k, if we rely on known algorithms to compute a (2<SUP>3k</SUP>-1)-expression via rank-width and then solving Dominating Set using the (2<SUP>3k</SUP>-1)-expression, the above algorithm will only give a runtime of 4<SUP>2^3^k</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. There have been results which overcome this exponential jump; the best known algorithm can solve Dominating Set in time 2<SUP>O(k^2)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP> by avoiding constructing a k-expression Bui-Xuan et al. (2013) [7]. We improve this to 2<SUP>O(klogk)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. Indeed, we show that for a graph of clique-width k, a large class of domination and partitioning problems (LC-VSP), including Dominating Set, can be solved in 2<SUP>O(klogk)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. Our main tool is a variant of rank-width using the rank of a 0-1 matrix over the rational field instead of the binary field.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Mammalian Oocytes

Oum. K. B.,K. Y. Cha,K. S. Chung 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 1996 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.19 No.4

La convolution sur le produit tensoriel des espaces localement convexes

Oum, Jang-Il 釜山大學校 1969 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

An Analysis of Success Factors for Attracting International Distribution Centers

Oum Tae-Hoon 한국무역학회 2004 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2004 No.4

Observation of Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics and Phonon Relaxation of Graphene from the Deep-Ultraviolet to the Visible Region

Oum, Kawon,Lenzer, Thomas,Scholz, Mirko,Jung, Dae Yool,Sul, Onejae,Cho, Byung Jin,Lange, Jens,Mü,ller, Andreas American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.12

<P>We investigated the ultrafast carrier dynamics and phonon relaxation of CVD-grown monolayer and 9-layer graphene on a quartz substrate. Excitation was performed at 400 and 800 nm. The normalized change in optical density ΔOD was probed over the range 260–640 nm (1.94–4.77 eV), reaching down into the region of graphene’s Fano resonance, previously not investigated in femtosecond broadband pump–probe experiments. Time constants of 160 fs and 4 ps were found and assigned to carrier–optical phonon scattering and slower phonon relaxation processes, respectively. The carrier distribution at early times was clearly hotter for 400 nm excitation than for 800 nm excitation. A pronounced spectral bleach feature was observed below 300 nm. It immediately formed after photoexcitation and recovered slowly, with a time constant of 35 ps for monolayer and time constants of 120 and 970 ps for 9-layer graphene. The same dynamics were found for weak transient absorption features above 300 nm, which emerged after ca. 0.5 ps. The slow dynamics were assigned to interfacial heat flow from graphene to the quartz substrate. The bleach and absorption features were well described by a simple model assuming a red-shift of the Fano resonance. This red-shift disappeared with progressive cooling of graphene. We therefore suggest that the red-shift is induced by shrinking of the band separation due to lattice heating.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-12/jp4072197/production/images/medium/jp-2013-072197_0010.gif'></P>

An Analysis of Success Factors for Attracting International Distribution Centers

Oum Tae-Hoon 한국무역학회 2004 國際學術大會 論文集 Vol.2004 No.4

Current Status of North Korean Teaching Method Following the Changes in Content Deployment Method in Textbooks

Oum Hyun Suk 건국대학교 통일인문학연구단 2017 통일인문학 Vol.3 No.2

This article examines the current status of North Korean teaching method according to the changes in the content deployment in textbooks which were published after Kim Jong-un assumed power. The author examined changes in the content deployment of first-year textbooks for elementary, middle and high schools which were published after Kim Jong-un took power and analyzed how such changes affected the teaching method. For this, the article reviewed periodical publications on North Korean education which were published around 2012 to examine the evaluation of the teacher's group which is directly affected the supplementation of the teaching method. The study focused on the changes in content deployment in textbooks as such changes require assessment on whether they require direct changes to the teaching method. The outcome of the study can be summarized as the following. Firstly, changes in the content deployment methods of textbooks are made in various forms and approaches. Secondly, the way of describing contents has deviated from historical narrative. The change of the teaching method is inevitable as the content deployment methods are transformed to enhance readability and to shift focus from knowledge transfer to activity-oriented manner. Moreover, British English education curriculum, teaching materials, teaching aids, and English the teaching method that came from outside helped to solve the thirst for new teaching method. However, it is not an easy task to change the teaching method for the vast majority of North Korean teachers who have not been exposed to the ‘global education development trend.’

루마니아어 전치사의 구조와 시간-공간 관계 표현 양상

엄태현(Oum, Tae-hyun) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 중국연구소 2005 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.14 No.1

동사와 명사구 사이의 통사적 또는 의미적 관계를 보여주는 표지로 영어에서와 같이 전치사의 역할이 강조 되는 언어가 있는가 하면 한국어에서처럼 전치사가 존재하지 않는 경우도 있다. 루마니아어에서처럼 일부 경 우 전치사와 격( )어미 변화가 병용되는 경우도 있다. 루마니아어에서는 수사 등의 격 변화를 통한 의미 표 현이 어려운 경우 전치사를 사용하지만 소유격(Genitiv), 여격(Dative), 목적격(Acuzativ) 등을 표시할 때의 일부 경우에 양자가 혼용되기도 한다. 이것은 개인별, 텍스트 종류별로 차이를 보일 것으로 예상된다. 간편한 글쓰기를 추구하는 최근의 추세 역시 전치사의 사용을 선호하게 만든 것으로 보인다. 루마니아어에서 전치사 는 형식적인 면에서 크게 주 전치사와 보조 전치사로 나누어질 수 있으며 주 전치사는 다시 단순 전치사와 복 합 전치사로 나뉘어 질 수 있다. 단순 전치사는 한 단어로 이루어진 전치사이며 복합 전치사는 2개 또는 3개 의 단어로 이루어진 전치사이다. 보조 전치사는 대부분 품사 전환을 통해서 만들어진다. 여러 다른 단어들과 복합적으로 만들어진 전치사구도 전치사의 역할을 담당한다. 루마니아어에서는 공간적 관계를 나타내는 전치 사가 이와 유사한 의미로 시간적 관계를 나타내는 사용되기도 한다. 이때 단순 전치사와 복합 전치사간에 있 어서 의미상 또는 통사 규칙상 차이를 보이기도 한다. Preposition could function as an instrument of showing syntactic and semantical relations. In case of English the role of preposition to express this relation between verb and noun phrase at deep structure is very active. Also in case of Romanian, the role of preposition is very important. But Romanian has another instrument of expressing casual relations, which is declension of articles, nouns and adjectives etc. So in many cases of expressing causal relations in Romanian, the instruments, i.e. preposition and declension of articles are staying at the synonym situations. This possibility of substitution between two instruments could be a maker for showing functional stylistics or individual stylistics. So field research on this subject by means of making a small corpus after styles or texts would be a very valuable works for evaluating dynamic aspects of Romanian writings. Romanian prepositions could be divided, from the view point of forms, as Principal Prepositions, Auxiliary Prepositions and Prepositional Phase. Principal Prepositions could be divided, as a sub category of Principal Preposition, into Simple Preposition and Complex Preposition. Complex Preposition is consist of Prime Preposition and Second Preposition. Contemporary Romanian language has 3 active Prime Preposition, i. e. de, pe, până. It is easily expected that, also from other languages, many prepositions which have a spacial concept are used for expressing temporal concepts. In case of Romanian preposition, which are fully researched on this paper, this is true. It comes from the fact that temporal concepts are hard to be recognized than spacial concepts. The main influent factor is existence of visual image from the spacial concept on which human being is mainly dependent for recognition and for further interpretation. Prepositions of expressing spacial and temporal concepts are used a little bit different from the phrases with a little diverse meanings.

루마니아의 봄맞이 축제

엄태현(Oum, Tae-Hyun) 아시아·중동부유럽학회 2005 동유럽발칸학 Vol.7 No.-

인류에게 축제는 삶의 중요한 부분으로서 다양한 의미를 가지고 있다. 예를 들어, 개인적인 차원에서는 그 자체로 흥미로운 여가의 한 부분일수도 있으며, 사회적인 측연에서는 정치적인 도구나 혹은 경제적인 수단일수도 있다. 이 논문에서는 루마니아의 축제에서 나타나는 개별적 현상과 이것이 가지는 사회적 의미를 고찰하였다. 축제의 기원과 발전 양상을 살펴보면 고대와 중세의 축제는 주로 종교적 목적에 의해서 만들어졌으며 미신이 더해져서 민중들로 확산되었다는 점올 알 수 있다. 근대 사회에서의 축제는 다양한 선전과 선통의 도구로 이용되기도 하였다. 이런 사실에서 축제가 목적이라기보다는 다른 어떤 것을 얻고자하는 도구라는 점을 볼 수 있다 대부분의 축제는 자연 발생했다기보다는 특별한 목적 하에서 그것을 주관하는 측에 의해서 계획되고 통제되어왔다는 사실도 짐작할 수 있다. 루마니아의 축제에서도 이런 점이 나타나는데 많은 축제들이 경제활동과 연관되어 있음을 볼 수 있다. 루마니아 축제의 경우 봄철에 열리는 많은 축제는 농-목축업의 지침이 되는 민중력(民衆曆, Calendarul Popor) 에 기반을 두고 있으며 경제생활과 밀접하게 연관되어있어서 일상의 한부분이라고 볼 수 있다. 또한 민중력은 정교회 달력과도 깊은 관련을 맺고 있어서 축제의 정서적인 부분이 정교회적 전통과 깊은 관련을 맺고 있음을 알 수 있으며 대부분의 종교적 성격의 주요 풍습에 민간 신앙적 요소와 전설이 개입되어있다는 사실도 볼 수 있다. 루마니아는 20세기 초까지만 해도 3지역으로 분리 발전하여왔으나 대부분의 풍습은 큰 맥락에서 볼 때 유사한 모습을 보인다고 할 수 있다 하지만 구체적인 부분에서 보면 조금씩 다른 의미를 가지고 있는 경우도 있으며, 지역적 차이에 의해서 전혀 다른 문화적 특성을 보이는 경우도 있다. 이에 따라서 루마니아의 축제를 전체적으로 나타나는 축제와 지역적으로만 나타나는 축제로 구분하여 살펴보았고 전체적인 축제에서도 지역별로 차이를 보이는 부분은 구체적으로 그 특정들을 밝혔다. 루마니아의 봄맞이 축제는 루마니아가 농-목축업 국가로서 가지는 특정을 잘 보여주고 있으며 이는 정교회적 전통과 긴밀하게 연결되어있다고 할 수 있다. For human beings, festival could be interpreted in very divers ways and it is used for many purposes. In somewhat rough categorization of festivals, one could be a kind of festivals which are a part of ordinary life, while the others could be deviations of life, a way of gushing suppressions and difficulties of life. In their purposes, festivals were made by for religious beliefs and emphasized by superstitious beliefs, they are used for political propaganda, they are born by economical reasons. Festivals of Romania is not far different from ordinary festivals of human being. But a thorough understandings on Romanian culture and society will find out that Romanian festivals are mainly concerned with Orthodox Churches, Superstitions and Agricultural-Pastoral life. In this article diverse meanings of festival were examined and notified by the fact that a lot of spring festivals of Romania are based on Popular Calendar and have a close relation with economic life. Facts that festivals are related with religions and superstitions were also examined Even though Romania were remain divided in 2 principalities until the first part of 20th Centuries, Romanian culture resisted and united as one unified one. This fact also could be seen from the characteristics of festivals. Of course there exist differences by regions. but they are organically co-related.