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Olofsson, Niklas,Ek-Weis, Johan,Eriksson, Anders,Idda, Tonio,Campbell, Eleanor E B IOP Pub 2009 Nanotechnology Vol.20 No.38
<P>The electromechanical properties of arrays of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes were studied in a parallel plate capacitor geometry. The electrostatic actuation was visualized using both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and highly reproducible behaviour was achieved for actuation voltages below the pull-in voltage. The walls of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes behave as solid cohesive units. The effective Young’s modulus for the carbon nanotube arrays was determined by comparing the actuation results with the results of electrostatic simulations and was found to be exceptionally low, of the order of 1–10 MPa. The capacitance change and <I>Q</I>-factor were determined by measuring the frequency dependence of the radio-frequency transmission. Capacitance changes of over 20% and <I>Q</I>-factors in the range 100–10 were achieved for a frequency range of 0.2–1.5 GHz. </P>
Jakob Olofsson 한국CDE학회 2018 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.5 No.4
A novel approach to incorporate local microstructure-based material performance into finite element method (FEM) simulations of cast components is presented. By adopting perspectives from natural designs as dinosaur skulls and trees, the discipline-wide approach enables accurate prediction of damage in structures based on a heterogeneous distribution of sub-scale features. It is shown that heterogeneous damage tolerance dictates the performance and failure of cast aluminum, and simulations are compared with experimental results of heterogeneous tensile samples using digital image correlation (DIC). The numerical application of the approach in the industrial product realization process of an industrial cast-ing is demonstrated, and the applicability of the approach to understand the behavior and failure of nat-ural as well as synthetic structures is discussed.
J. Jansson,J. Olofsson,K. Salomonsson 한국CDE학회 2020 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.7 No.1
This paper presents a methodology that can be used to consider local variations in thermomechanical and thermophysical material properties, residual stresses, and strength-differential effects in finite element analyses of cast components. The methodology is based on applying process simulations and structural analyses together with experimentally established, or already available literature data, in order to describe element-specific material variations. A cast-iron cylinder head was used in order to evaluate the influence of several simplifications that are commonly performed in computer aided engineering. It is shown that non-trivial errors of a potentially large magnitude are introduced by not considering residual stresses, compressive behaviour, temperature dependence, and process-induced material property variations. By providing design engineers with tools that allow them to consider the complex relationships between these aspects early in the development phase, cast components have the potential to be further optimized with respect to both weight and performance.
Comparing Online Policy Networks: The Cases of Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation in Colorado
박규동(KyuDong Park),Kristin Olofsson 한국국정관리학회 2020 현대사회와 행정 Vol.30 No.3
정책행위자들은 사회가 처한 위험과 편익의 정도와 분포는 물론 정책 과정의 결과가 각자의 입장과 관심사에 맞게끔 규제정책의 설계에 영향을 미치고자 한다. 이러한 정치적 논쟁과 활동을 가상공간에서도 발견할 수 있다. 행위자들은 하이퍼링크를 사용하여 동맹을 구축하고, 관심을 끌고, 정보를 공유하며, 정책 프레이밍 과정에서 서로 경쟁한다. 본 논문은 셰일가스 규제 문제에 대해 미국 콜로라도주의 4개 지역 카운티 정책행위자들이 형성했던 정책 네트워크를 비교한다. 분석 결과는 정책 네트워크의 다양성, 규제기관으로의 중앙 집중화 경향, 정책 신념의 부분적 동질성, 셰일가스 생산과 네트워크 융합 정도 간의 직접적인 관계를 보여준다. 이러한 결과를 통해 분쟁이 심한 규제 이슈와 관련된 개인의 온라인 네트워킹 활동을 이해하고 이러한 네트워크 양상이 다른 맥락 및 영역에서도 나타날 수도 있는지를 미루어 짐작해볼 수 있다. Policy actors strive to shape the designs of regulations, thereby affecting the degree and distribution of risks and benefits on society as well as outcomes of policy processes to match their stances and interests. These political debates and activities are also found in virtual venues; policy actors use hyperlinks to build alliances, attract attention, share information, and engage in framing debates. This paper compares virtual policy networks by examining policy actors’ hyperlink networks in four local counties in Colorado over the issue of hydraulic fracturing. The results show structural diversity of policy networks, policy actors’ centralized tendency toward regulation agencies, partial support for belief homophily across the counties, and direct relationship of fracking production with network coalescence. Through these results, we learn more about the online networking behaviors of individuals involved in high-conflict regulation issues and how we might expect those networks to translate to other settings and policy areas.
Lunavat, Taral R.,Cheng, Lesley,Einarsdottir, Berglind O.,Olofsson Bagge, Roger,Veppil Muralidharan, Somsundar,Sharples, Robyn A.,Lasser, Cecilia,Gho, Yong Song,Hill, Andrew F.,Nilsson, Jonas A.,Lotva National Academy of Sciences 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.114 No.29
<P>The BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib can be used to treat patients with metastatic melanomas harboring BRAF(V600) mutations. Initial antitumoral responses are often seen, but drug-resistant clones with reactivation of the MEK-ERK pathway soon appear. Recently, the secretome of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been ascribed important functions in cancers. To elucidate the possible functions of EVs in BRAF-mutant melanoma, we determined the RNA content of the EVs, including apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, released from such cancer cells after vemurafenib treatment. We found that vemurafenib significantly increased the total RNA and protein content of the released EVs and caused significant changes in the RNA profiles. RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR show that cells and EVs from vemurafenib-treated cell cultures and tumor tissues harvested from cell-derived and patient-derived xenografts harbor unique miRNAs, especially increased expression of miR-211-5p. Mechanistically, the expression of miR-211-5p as a result of BRAF inhibition was induced by increased expression of MITF that regulates the TRPM1 gene resulting in activation of the survival pathway. In addition, transfection of miR-211 in melanoma cells reduced the sensitivity to vemurafenib treatment, whereas miR-211-5p inhibition in a vemurafenib resistant cell line affected the proliferation negatively. Taken together, our results show that vemurafenib treatment induces miR-211-5p up-regulation in melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in subsets of EVs, suggesting that EVs may provide a tool to understand malignant melanoma progression.</P>