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Okabe, Satoshi,Hirata, Kikuko,Watanabe, Yoshimasa 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1
ABSTRACT Dynamic changes in spatial microbial distribution in mixed-population biofilms were experimentally determined using a microslicer technique and simulated by a biofilm accumulation model (BAM). Experimental results were compared with the model simulation. The biofilms cultured in partially submerged rotating biological contactors (RBC) with synthetic wastewater were used as test materials. Experimental results showed that an increase of substrate loading rate (i.e., organic carbon and NH4-N) resulted in the microbial stratification in the biofilms. Heterotrophs defeated nitrifiers and dominated in the outer biofilm, whereas nitrifiers were diluted out in the outer biofilm and forced into the inner biofilm. At higher organic loading rates, a stronger stratified microbial spatial distribution was observed, which imposed a severe internal oxygen diffusion limitation on nitrifiers and resulted in the deterioration of nitrification efficiency. Model simulations described a general trend of the stratified biofilm structure. However, the actual stratification was stronger than the simulated results. For implication in the reactor design, when the specific carbon loading rate exceeds a certain limit, nitrification will be deteriorated or require a long start-up period due to the interspecies competition resulting in oxygen diffusion limitation. The extend of microbial stratification in the biofilm is especially important for determination of feasibility or nitrification in the presence of organic matters.
METHOD OF FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION FOR SPOT WELDED STRUCTURE
Okabe, A.,Kaneko, T.,Tomioka, N. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2006 International journal of automotive technology Vol.7 No.3
The nominal structural stress calculation method proposed by Radaj has included some problems as follows: (a) How the value of the diameter D is decided in the method; (b) It is not possible to estimate nominal structural stress of the spot welded joints with the balanced sheet in-plane load that no general loads are obtained by FE shell analysis. In this paper, the new method for calculating nominal structural stress was proposed to solve above-mentioned problems. The proposed method calculates the nominal structural stress through the circular plate theory in theory of elasticity. This theoretical analysis uses not only general loads but also nodal displacements around spot welding provided by FE shell analysis as boundary condition. Fatigue test data of various spot-welded joints could be arranged in a narrow bandwidth on S-N chart using the nominal structural stresses calculated by proposed method. The fatigue life prediction method using the proposed method for calculating nominal structural stress is useful for the prior evaluation technique that can predict the fatigue life of spot welding by CAE.
Smart Honeycomb Sandwich Panels With Damage Detection and Shape Recovery Functions
Okabe, Yoji,Minakuchi, Shu,Shiraishi, Nobuo,Murakami, Ken,Takeda, Nobuo The Korean Society for Composite Materials 2008 Advanced composite materials Vol.17 No.1
In this research, optical fiber sensors and shape memory alloys (SMA) were incorporated into sandwich panels for development of a smart honeycomb sandwich structure with damage detection and shape recovery functions. First, small-diameter fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were embedded in the adhesive layer between a CFRP face-sheet and an aluminum honeycomb core. From the change in the reflection spectrum of the FBG sensors, the debonding between the face-sheet and the core and the deformation of the face-sheet due to impact loading could be well detected. Then, the authors developed the SMA honeycomb core and bonded CFRP face-sheets to the core. When an impact load was applied to the panel, the cell walls of the core were buckled and the face-sheet was bent. However, after the panel was heated over the reverse transformation finish temperature of the SMA, the core buckling disappeared and the deflection of the face-sheet was relieved. Hence the bending stiffness of the panel could be recovered.
GENERATION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS BY TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS
OKABE NOBUHIRO,HATTORI MAKOTO The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5
We showed that magnetic fields are generated in the plasma which have the temperature inhomogeneities. The mechanism is the same as the Weibel instability because the velocity distribution functions are at non-equilibrium and anisotropic under the temperature gradients. The growth timescale is much shorter than the dynamical time of structure formation. The coherence length of magnetic fields at the saturated time is much shorter than kpc scale and then, at nonlinear phase, become longer by inverse-cascade process. We report the application of our results to clusters of galaxies, not including hydrodynamic effects.
Structural Design of High-Rise Building in Toranomon-Azabudai Project (A Block)
Kazumasa, Okabe,Kai, Toyama,Takuya, Furuta,Jyunichi, Yamashita,Hiroki, Mukai,Takahiro, Goseki,Shingo, Masuda,Dai, Shimazaki,Yusuke, Miyagi,Yuji, Ozawa Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2022 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.11 No.3
This paper explains about structural planning and structural design of the high-rise building in Toranomon-Azabudai Project (A Block) which is now under construction. The building is about 330 meters high, has 4.2 aspect ratio, and the outline of the building has shallow curve. We adopted seismic response control structure. The building is a steel rigid frame structure with braces, and it has enough stiffness to obtain its primary natural period to be less than about seven seconds, in consideration of wind response, seismic response and inhabitability for the wind shaking. In terms of business continuity plan, the building has a high seismic performance; value of story drift angle shall be 1/150 or less and members of the building remain almost undamaged while or after a large earthquake. Active mass dumper shall be installed at the top of the building to improve inhabitability while strong wind is blowing.
Mitsuyasu Okabe,Tiejun Liu,Shigenobu Miura,Tomohiro Arimura,Min-Yi Tei,Enoch Y. Park 한국생물공학회 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.6
Various processes which produce L-lactic acid using ammonia-tolerant mutant strain, Rhizopus sp. MK-96-1196, in a 3 L airlift bioreactor were evaluated. When the fed-batch culture was carried out by keeping the glucose concentration at 30 g/L, more than 140 g/L of L-lactic acid was produced with a product yield of 83%. In the case of the batch culture with 200 g/L of initial glucose concentration, 121 g/L of L-lactic acid was obtained but the low product yield based on the amount of glucose consumed. In the case of a continuous culture, 1.5 g/L/h of the volumetric productivity with a product yield of 71% was achieved at dilution rate of 0.024 h-1. Basis on these results three processes were evaluated by simple variable cost estimation including carbon source, steam, and waste treatment costs. The total variable costs of the fed-batch and continuous cultures were 88% and 140%, respectively, compared to that of batch culture. The fed-batch culture with high L-lactic acid concentration and high product yield decreased variable costs, and was the best-suited for the industrial production of L-lactic acid.
Proposal on risk communication for safe driving support system
Kohei Okabe,Minoru Kamata 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
This reports reveals importance and necessity of risk communication for safe driving support system such as AHS. The communication becomes key to succeeding with AHS implementation. Drivers ought to have opportunities to familiarize them selves with alarm unreliability or undetectable risk as well as informed consentin medical. The oppor-tunity is provided by risk communication to integrate risk-perception between drivers and vehicles. The communication is performed by trading responsibility and usability. Risk-perception integration interface becomes essential for alarm devices such as safe driving support system. Samples of integration interface are described.
A Focus-Based Approach to Scope Ambiguity in Japanese
( Ryoya Okabe ) 한국언어정보학회 2002 국제 워크샵 Vol.2002 No.-
This paper puts forward an analysis of scope interactions between Japanese adverbial quantifiers like mainichi ``everyday`` and tokidoki ``sometimes`` and a negative morpheme nai ``not`` on the basis of f(ocus)-structures. In this analysis, three f-structures are assigned to a sentence with an adverbial quantifier and a negative morpheme. One of them represents a negation-wide reading, and the other two represent quantifier-wide readings. Some f-structures, however, are unacceptable due to semantic or pragmatic factors. Different scope behaviors of the two quantifiers mentioned above can then be ascribed to acceptability of f-strucures.