죄의 현실성: 신학적ㆍ사목적인 비판

케빈 F.오셔 가톨릭대학교 사목연구소 1998 司牧硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Overestimating the “Power Shift”: The US Role in the Failure of the Democratic Party of Japan`s “Asia Pivot”

( Paul O Shea ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2014 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.38 No.3

In 2009 the Democratic Party of Japan came to power promising a foreign-policy shift, aiming for a more equal relationship with the United States and improved relations with Japan`s Asian neighbors. The policy shift was explicitly designed as a response to a perceived reginal and global power shift from the United States to China. However, within nine months the new prome minister, Hatoyama Yukio, resigned and the foreign-policy shift was jettisoned by his successors. Conventional explanations cite the weak ledership of Hatoyama, the inexperience of his party, and the lack of realism behind the proposed policy shift itself as key factors in the failure of the policy shift. This article porvides an alternative perspective. Drawing on the concept of discursive power, it demonstrates how Washinton turned the Futenma base relocation and other issues into a major crisis in Japan-US relations in order to discredit Hatoyama and the policy shift. What was arguably a modest and pragmatic policy shift was narrated as a grave threat to the very cornerstone of post-war Japanese security. By focusing on the US exercise of discursive power over Japan, the article suggests that talk of an East Asian "opwer shift" is premature.

Overestimating the “Power Shift”: The US Role in the Failure of the Democratic Party of Japan’s “Asia Pivot”

Paul O;Shea 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2014 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.38 No.3

In 2009 the Democratic Party of Japan came to power promising a foreign-policy shift, aiming for a more equal relationship with the United States and improved relations with Japan’s Asian neighbors. The policy shift was explicitly designed as a response to a perceived regional and global power shift from the United States to China. However, within nine months the new prime minister, Hatoyama Yukio, resigned and the foreign-policy shift was jettisoned by his successors. Conventional explanations cite the weak leadership of Hatoyama, the inexperience of his party, and the lack of realism behind the proposed policy shift itself as key factors in the failure of the policy shift. This article provides an alternative perspective. Drawing on the concept of discursive power, it demonstrates how Washington turned the Futenma base relocation and other issues into a major crisis in Japan-US relations in order to discredit Hatoyama and the policy shift. What was arguably a modest and pragmatic policy shift was narrated as a grave threat to the very cornerstone of post-war Japanese security. By focusing on the US exercise of discursive power over Japan, the article suggests that talk of an East Asian “power shift” is premature.

Visual Sensitivity Underlying Changes in Visual Consciousness

Alais, David,Cass, John,O'Shea, Robert P.,Blake, Randolph Elsevier 2010 Current biology Vol.20 No.15

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>When viewing a different stimulus with each eye, we experience the remarkable phenomenon of binocular rivalry: alternations in consciousness between the stimuli [<ce:cross-refs refid='bib1 bib2'>1, 2</ce:cross-refs>]. According to a popular theory first proposed in 1901, neurons encoding the two stimuli engage in reciprocal inhibition [<ce:cross-refs refid='bib3 bib4 bib5 bib6 bib7 bib8'>3–8</ce:cross-refs>] so that those processing one stimulus inhibit those processing the other, yielding consciousness of one dominant stimulus at any moment and suppressing the other. Also according to the theory, neurons encoding the dominant stimulus adapt, weakening their activity and the inhibition they can exert, whereas neurons encoding the suppressed stimulus recover from adaptation until the balance of activity reverses, triggering an alternation in consciousness. Despite its popularity, this theory has one glaring inconsistency with data: during an episode of suppression, visual sensitivity to brief probe stimuli in the dominant eye should decrease over time and should increase in the suppressed eye, yet sensitivity appears to be constant [<ce:cross-refs refid='bib9 bib10'>9, 10</ce:cross-refs>]. Using more appropriate probe stimuli (experiment 1) in conjunction with a new method (experiment 2), we found that sensitivities in dominance and suppression do show the predicted complementary changes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► We devised a new method to probe contrast sensitivity during rivalry episodes ► Sensitivity of the dominant eye declines; sensitivity of the suppressed eye improves ► Sensitivities are similar just prior to a switch of perceptual dominance ► This confirms predictions from the reciprocal inhibition theory of binocular rivalry</P>

Modified Orbitozygomatic Approach without Orbital Roof Removal for Middle Fossa Lesions

Lopez-Elizalde, Ramiro,Robledo-Moreno, Edgar,O'Shea-Cuevas, Gabriel,Matute-Villasenor, Esmeralda,Campero, Alvaro,Godinez-Rubi, Marisol The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2018 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.61 No.3

Objective : The purpose of the present study was to describe an OrBitoZygomatic (OBZ) surgical variant that implies the drilling of the orbital roof and lateral wall of the orbit without orbitotomy. Methods : Design : cross-sectional study. Between January 2010 and December 2014, 18 patients with middle fossa lesions underwent the previously mentioned OBZ surgical variant. Gender, age, histopathological diagnosis, complications, and percentage of resection were registered. The detailed surgical technique is described. Results : Of the 18 cases listed in the study, nine were males and nine females. Seventeen cases (94.5%) were diagnosed as primary tumoral lesions, one case (5.5%) presented with metastasis of a carcinoma, and an additional one had a fibrous dysplasia. Age ranged between 27 and 73 years. Early complications were developed in four cases, but all of these were completely resolved. None developed enophthalmos. Conclusion : The present study illustrates a novel surgical OBZ approach that allows for the performance of a simpler and faster procedure with fewer complications, and without increasing surgical time or cerebral manipulation, for reaching lesions of the middle fossa. Thorough knowledge of the anatomy and surgical technique is essential for successful completion of the procedure.

Signatures of minor mergers in the Milky Way disc – I. The SEGUE stellar sample

Gó,mez, Facundo A.,Minchev, Ivan,O’Shea, Brian W.,Lee, Young Sun,Beers, Timothy C.,An, Deokkeun,Bullock, James S.,Purcell, Chris W.,Villalobos, Á,lvaro Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.423 No.4

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>It is now known that minor mergers are capable of creating structure in the phase‐space distribution of their host galaxy’s disc. In order to search for such imprints in the Milky Way, we analyse the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) F/G dwarf and the Schuster et al. stellar samples. We find similar features in these two completely independent stellar samples, consistent with the predictions of a Milky Way minor‐merger event. We next apply the same analyses to high‐resolution, idealized <I>N</I>‐body simulations of the interaction between the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and the Milky Way. The energy distributions of stellar particle samples in small spatial regions in the host disc reveal strong variations of structure with position. We find good matches to the observations for models with a mass of Sagittarius’ dark matter halo progenitor <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/lap.gif' alt ='less-than or approximately equal-to'/>10<SUP>11</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. Thus, we show that this kind of analysis could be used to provide unprecedentedly tight constraints on Sagittarius’ orbital parameters, as well as place a lower limit on its mass.</P>

GALAXY PROPERTIES AND UV ESCAPE FRACTIONS DURING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION: RESULTS FROM THE RENAISSANCE SIMULATIONS

Xu, Hao,Wise, John H.,Norman, Michael L.,Ahn, Kyungjin,O’Shea, Brian W. American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.833 No.1

<P>Cosmic reionization is thought to be primarily fueled by the first generations of galaxies. We examine their stellar and gaseous properties, focusing on the star formation rates and the escape of ionizing photons, as a function of halo mass, redshift, and environment using the full suite of the Renaissance Simulations with an eye to provide better inputs to global reionization simulations. This suite probes overdense, average, and underdense regions of the universe of several hundred comoving Mpc(3), each yielding a sample of over 3000 halos in the mass range of 10(7)-10(9.5)M(circle dot) at their final redshifts of 15, 12.5, and 8, respectively. In the process, we simulate the effects of radiative and supernova feedback from 5000 to 10,000 Population III stars in each simulation. We find that halos as small as 10(7) M-circle dot are able to host bursty star formation due to metal-line cooling from earlier enrichment by massive Population III stars. Using our large sample, we find that the galaxy-halo occupation fraction drops from unity at virial masses above 10(8.5) M-circle dot to similar to 50% at 10(8) M-circle dot and similar to 10% at 10(7) M-circle dot, quite independent of redshift and region. Their average ionizing escape fraction is similar to 5% in the mass range of 10(8)-10(9) M-circle dot and increases with decreasing halo mass below this range, reaching 40%-60% at 10(7) M-circle dot. Interestingly, we find that the escape fraction varies between 10%-20% in halos with virial masses of similar to 3 x 10(9) M-circle dot. Taken together, our results confirm the importance of the smallest galaxies as sources of ionizing radiation contributing to the reionization of the universe.</P>

Uniform cell seeding and generation of overlapping gradient profiles in a multiplexed microchamber device with normally-closed valves

Mosadegh, Bobak,Agarwal, Mayank,Tavana, Hossein,Bersano-Begey, Tommaso,Torisawa, Yu-suke,Morell, Maria,Wyatt, Matthew J.,O'Shea, K. Sue,Barald, Kate F.,Takayama, Shuichi Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Lab on a chip Vol.10 No.21

<P>Generation of stable soluble-factor gradients in microfluidic devices enables studies of various cellular events such as chemotaxis and differentiation. However, many gradient devices directly expose cells to constant fluid flow and that can induce undesired responses from cells due to shear stress and/or wash out of cell-secreted molecules. Although there have been devices with flow-free gradients, they typically generate only a single condition and/or have a decaying gradient profile that does not accommodate long-term experiments. Here we describe a microdevice that generates several chemical gradient conditions on a single platform in flow-free microchambers which facilitates steady-state gradient profiles. The device contains embedded normally-closed valves that enable fast and uniform seeding of cells to all microchambers simultaneously. A network of microchannels distributes desired solutions from easy-access open reservoirs to a single output port, enabling a simple setup for inducing flow in the device. Embedded porous filters, sandwiched between the microchannel networks and cell microchambers, enable diffusion of biomolecules but inhibit any bulk flow over the cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We describe a microdevice that simultaneously generates several gradient conditions in flow-free microchambers separated by normally-closed valves that enable efficient cell seeding. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0lc00086h'> </P>

The gene encoding the hematopoietic stem cell regulator CCN3/NOV is under direct cytokine control through the transcription factors STAT5A/B.

Kimura, Akiko,Martin, Cyril,Robinson, Gertraud W,Simone, James M,Chen, Weiping,Wickre, Mark C,O'Shea, John J,Hennighausen, Lothar American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2010 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.285 No.43

<P>Cytokines control the biology of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells in part through the transcription factors STAT5A/B. To investigate the target genes of STAT5A/B activated by cytokines in HSCs and progenitors, we performed microarray analyses using Lineage(-) Sca-1(+) c-Kit(+) (KSL) cells in the presence and absence of STAT5A/B. Stimulation with a mixture containing IL-3, IL-6, stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, and Flt3 ligand induced Ccn3/Nov mRNA over 100-fold in WT (control) but not Stat5a/b-null KSL cells. CCN3/NOV is a positive regulator of human HSC self-renewal and development of committed blood cells. Without stimulation, the Ccn3/Nov signal level was low in control KSL cells similar to Stat5a/b-null KSL cells. To determine which cytokine activates the Ccn3/Nov gene, we analyzed Lineage(-) c-Kit(+) (KL) and 32D cells using quantitative PCR and ChIP assays. Although stimulation with a mixture lacking IL-3 prevented the induction of Ccn3/Nov in control KL cells, IL-3 alone could induce Ccn3/Nov mRNA in control KL and 32D cells. ChIP assays using 32D cells revealed IL-3-induced binding of STAT5A/B to a γ-interferon-activated sequences site in the Ccn3/Nov gene promoter. This is the first report that Ccn3/Nov is directly induced by cytokines through STAT5A/B.</P>