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Nielsen, Jakob,Kwon, Tae-Hwan,Frokiaer, Jorgen,Knepper, Mark A,Nielsen, Soren American Physiological Society 2007 American Journal of Physiology Vol.292 No.1
<P>Aldosterone induces redistribution of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) to the apical plasma membrane from intracellular vesicles in renal connecting tubule (CNT) and cortical collecting duct (CCD). The role of the classical mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in ENaC trafficking is still debated. We examined whether the MR antagonist spironolactone affects ENaC regulation in the kidney cortex of aldosterone-infused rats. Aldosterone infusion for 7 days resulted in a plasma aldosterone concentration in the high physiological range (3 to 4 nM). Aldosterone infusion decreased plasma K(+) concentration compared with untreated control rats. Cotreatment with spironolactone completely blocked the aldosterone-induced decrease in plasma K(+). Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed increased protein abundance of Na-K-ATPase alpha(1)-subunit and NCC in the kidney cortex, in response to aldosterone infusion that was blocked by spironolactone. In contrast, aldosterone-induced redistribution of ENaC subunits from the cytoplasm to the apical plasma membrane domain in CNT and CCD was unaffected by spironolactone. Immunoblotting of alphaENaC showed increased protein abundance in aldosterone-infused rats that was not blocked by spironolactone treatment. To exclude possible glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated effects of aldosterone, we treated aldosterone-infused rats with both spironolactone and the GR antagonist RU486. Combined MR and GR blockade prevented neither ENaC trafficking nor the upregulation of alphaENaC protein abundance in aldosterone-infused rats. We provide new evidence for ENaC trafficking occurring independent of MR and GR activation in aldosterone-infused rats.</P>
Random benzotrithiophene-based donor–acceptor copolymers for efficient organic photovoltaic devices
Nielsen, Christian B.,Ashraf, Raja Shahid,Schroeder, Bob C.,D’Angelo, Pasquale,Watkins, Scott E.,Song, Kigook,Anthopoulos, Thomas D.,McCulloch, Iain The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.47
<P>A series of benzotrithiophene-containing random terpolymers for polymer solar cells is reported. Through variations of the two other components in the terpolymers, the absorption profile and the frontier energy levels are optimized and maximum power conversion efficiencies are nearly doubled (5.14%) relative to the parent alternating copolymer.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A series of benzotrithiophene-containing random terpolymers show greatly improved efficiencies in organic photovoltaic devices compared to the parent alternating copolymer. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc31934a'> </P>
Nielsen Thomas W.,Ma Jennifer S. 한국다문화교육학회 2021 Multicultural Education Review Vol.13 No.2
In a time when the world is facing social, political, public health, and environmental upheaval, Danes are lighting candles, baking cookies, and engaging in ‘hygge’, or ‘cozy togetherness’. Interestingly, Denmark also happens to be ranked as one of the happiest, most harmonious and prosperous societies across several global indexes. Could there be a link between the Danes’ propensity for hygge and their independent yet socially caring citizens? Can the hygge movement serve as a lens and motivation for researching and facilitating togetherness in multicultural education? This review examines the intricate, positive relationship between personal and collective wellbeing notable in Denmark. The popular Danish lifestyle concept of ‘hygge’ is situated within the wider, global, interdisciplinary wellbeing research and evidence-base to identify underpinning, generalizable principles for promoting togetherness in multicultural education, and education more broadly.
Simulation model for Francis and Reversible Pump Turbines
Nielsen, Torbjorn K. Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2015 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.8 No.3
When simulating the dynamic behaviour of a hydro power plant, it is essential to have a good representation of the turbine behaviour. The pressure transients in the system occurs because the flow changes, which the turbine defines. The flow through the turbine is a function of the pressure, the speed of rotation and the wicket gate opening and is, most often described in a performance diagram or Hill diagram. In the Hill diagram, the efficiency is drawn like contour lines, hence the name. A turbines Hill diagram is obtained by performance tests on scaled model in a laboratory. However, system dynamic simulations have to be performed in the early stage of a project, before the turbine manufacturer has been chosen and the Hill diagram is known. Therefore one have to rely on diagrams for a turbine with similar speed number. The Hill diagram is drawn through measured points, so for using the diagram in a simulation program, one have to iterate in the diagram based on curve fitting of the measured points. This paper describes an alternative method. By means of the Euler turbine equation, it is possible to set up two differential equations which represents the turbine performance with good enough accuracy for the dynamic simulations. The only input is the turbine's main geometry, the runner blade in- and outlet angle and the guide vane angle at best efficiency point of operation (BEP). In the paper, simulated turbine characteristics for a high head Francis turbine, and for a reversible pump turbine are compared with laboratory measured characteristics.
Nielsen, Birthe V.,Abaye, Daniel A.,Nguyen, Minh T.L. Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2017 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.2 No.4
Understanding the mechanisms that control and concentrate the observed electrospray ionisation (ESI) response from peptides is important. Controlling these mechanisms can improve signal-to-noise ratio in the mass spectrum, and enhances the generation of intact ions, and thus, improves the detection of peptides when analysing mixtures. The effects of different mixtures of aqueous: organic solvents (25, 50, 75%; v/v): formic acid solution (at pH 3.26) compositions on the ESI response and charge-state distribution (CSD) during mass spectrometry (MS) were determined in a group of biologically active peptides (molecular wt range 1.3 - 3.3 kDa). The ESI response is dependent on type of organic solvent in the mobile phase mixture and therefore, solvent choice affects optimal ion intensities. As expected, intact peptide ions gave a more intense ESI signal in polar protic solvent mixtures than in the low polarity solvent. However, for four out of the five analysed peptides, neither the ESI response nor the CSD were affected by the volatility of the solvent mixture. Therefore, in solvent mixtures, as the composition changes during the evaporation processes, the $pK_b$ of the amino acid composition is a better predictor of multiple charging of the peptides.
Nielsen, Christian B.,Sohn, Eun-Ho,Cho, Dong-Jun,Schroeder, Bob C.,Smith, Jeremy,Lee, Mongryong,Anthopoulos, Thomas D.,Song, Kigook,McCulloch, Iain American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.5
<P>A benzotrithiophene polymer with a new thermally cleavable ketal substituent is reported. It is shown how this functional group can be used to facilitate solvent processing and, subsequently, how it can be removed by a thermal annealing process to generate a structurally ordered and crystalline thin film with significantly improved field-effect transistor properties.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2013/aamick.2013.5.issue-5/am303138q/production/images/medium/am-2012-03138q_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am303138q'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Systems Biology of Yeast Metabolism
Jens NIELSEN 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Metabolic Engineering relies on a thorough understanding of how the many different metabolic reactions in the cell to be engineered interacts. Genome-scale metabolic models offers a very strong tool for performing quantitative analysis of how the many different reactions in the metabolic network interacts, and through the addition of kinetic and proteome constraints to these models their predictive strength has significantly improved. However, these models can also be used for integrative analysis of quantitative data, e.g. proteomics and metabolomics data. In the lecture there will be presented progress on how kinetic and proteome constraints can improve the predictive strength of genome-scale metabolic models for use in metabolic engineering. Examples will be given of both identification of novel metabolic engineering designs and of using these models for gaining novel insight into the functioning of metabolism.