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Solid State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Polymeric Ionic Liquid with Free Imidazolium Cation
Thanh-Tuan Bui,Tarik Matrab,Vincent Woehling,Justine Longuet,Cédric Plesse,Giao T.M. Nguyen,Frédéric Vidal,Fabrice Goubard 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.1
A polymeric ionic liquid issued from an ionic liquid monomer composed of a methacrylate polymerizable group, a polar tri(ethylene oxide) spacer, a trifluoromethane sulfonic anion and a free imidazolium cation was employed as a solid electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells. The simple device configuration based on dip-coated nanoporous TiO2 electrode sensitized by N3 ruthenium-based dye gave the conversion efficiency of up to 1.74% under AM 1.5 simulated solar light illumination. Effect of TiO2 porous film thickness on overall energy conversion efficiency was discussed. It has been found that the most appropriate thickness for the polymeric ionic liquid based electrolyte dye sensitized solar cell is around 7 μm.
Ramachandran Anirudh,Montenegro Michelle,Singh Maninder,Dixon Trevor,Kayani Waqas,Liang Timothy,Yu Nick,Reddy Srinivas,Liveris Anna,Manyapu Mallika,McEwan Alyssia A.,Nguyen Vincent T.,Sonenthal Necham 대한응급의학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.9 No.3
Objective Hip fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks are a safe method to manage pain and decrease opioid usage. The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is a novel, potentially superior block because of its motor-sparing effects. Through training, simulation, and supervision, we aim to determine whether it is feasible to perform the PENG block in the emergency department. Methods Phase 1 consisted of emergency physicians attending a workshop to demonstrate ultrasound proficiency, anatomical understanding, and procedural competency using a low-fidelity model. Phase 2 consisted of a prospective, observational, feasibility study of 10 patients with hip fractures. Pain scores, side effects, and opioid usage data were collected. Results The median pain score at time 0 (time of block) was 9 (interquartile range [IQR], 6.5–9). The median pain score at 30 minutes was 4 (IQR, 2.0–6.8) and 3.5 (IQR, 1.0–4.8) at 4 hours. All 10 patients required narcotics prior to the initiation of the PENG block with a median dosage of 6.25 morphine milligram equivalents (MME; IQR, 4.25–7.38 MME). After the PENG block, only 30% of the patients required further narcotics with a median dosage of 0 MME (IQR, 0–0.6 MME) until operative fixation. Conclusion In this feasibility study, PENG blocks were safely administered by trained emergency physicians under supervision. We demonstrated data suggesting a trend of pain relief and decreased opiate requirements, and further investigation is necessary to measure efficacy.