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The Determinants of Dynamic Debt Maturity Structure: Evidence from Vietnam
Nguyen,Thanh Nha,Tran,Thi Thuy Linh 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-
Based on the signaling, matching, agency and tax-based theories, this paper presents a study where the partial adjustment model was applied to investigate influences of firm and macroeconomic factors on the debt maturity structure. The outcomes were then used in a case study to assess the rate of adjusting the debt maturity structure of 279 non-financial companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) in the period from 2007 to 2015. Results obtained from the System GMM (SGMM) method showed that (1) firms in Vietnam have the dynamic debt maturity structure with the adjustment rate of 25% to 36%, (2) the debt maturity structure of firms in Vietnam is affected by firm factors including SIZE, VOL, LIQ, TAN, AM and TAX and characteristics of the economy such as inflation and interest rates.
( Lieu My Dong ),( Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh ),( Nguyen Thi Hoa ),( Dang Thi Kim Thuy ),( Do Dang Giap ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2021 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.49 No.3
Ngoc Linh ginseng is one of the most valuable endemic medicinal herbs in Vietnam. In this study, Ngoc Linh ginseng callus was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 (at 6, 7, and 8 log CFU/ml) to evaluate the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds. The post-fermentation solution was spray-dried using maltodextrin with or without Stevia rebaudiana (3% and 6% v/v) as the wall material. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and total saponins, and L. plantarum viability during fermentation and after spray-drying, as well as under simulated gastric digestion, were evaluated in this study. The results showed that probiotic density had a significant effect on bioactive compounds, and L. plantarum at 8 log CFU/ml showed the best results with a short fermentation time compared to other tests. The total content of polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins reached 5.16 ± 0.18 mg GAE/g sample, 277.2 ± 6.12 mg Glu/g sample, and 4.17 ± 0.15 mg/g sample, respectively after 20 h of fermentation at the initial density of L. plantarum (8 log CFU/ml). Although there was no difference in the particle structure of the preparation, the microencapsulation efficiency of the bioactive compound in the samples containing S. rebaudiana was higher than that with only maltodextrin. The study also indicated that adding S. rebaudiana improved the viability of L. plantarum in gastric digestion. These results showed that S. rebaudiana, a component stimulating probiotic growth, combined with maltodextrin as a co-prebiotic, improved the survival rate of L. plantarum in simulated gastric digestion.
Two Lagrange Optimization Theory Based Methods for Solving Economic Load Dispatch Problems
Nguyen Dao,Nguyen Thuy Linh,Tran Hoang Quang Minh,Nguyen Trung Thang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.5
The optimal generation dispatch problem with only one fuel option for each generating unit has been solved for many recent years. However, it is more realistic to represent the fuel cost function for each fossil fired plant as a segmented piece-wise quadratic functions. This is because of development of technology in thermal plants to reach maximum fuel save. Those units are faced with the difficulty of determining which the most economical fuel to burn is. This paper presents two effective methods for solving economic load dispatch problem with multiple fuel options. An advantage of the methods is to formulate Lagrange mathematical function easily based on the Lagrange multiplier theory. The proposed methods are tested on one test system consisting of ten generating units with various load demands and compared to other methods. The simulation results show that the methods are very efficient for the optimal generation dispatch problem with multiple fuel options
Determinants Influencing Tax Compliance: The Case of Vietnam
NGUYEN, Thi Thuy Du'o'ng,PHAM, Thi My Linh,LE, Thanh Tam,TRUONG, Thi Hoai Linh,TRAN, Manh Dung Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the key factors affecting tax compliance among Vietnamese firms in Vietnam. We employ both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research has been carried out through focus group discussions with ten chief accountants and tax officers. Quantitative research has been conducted through interviews with 200 firms (chief accountants or financial directors) in Vietnam. Analysis of the model includes the following stages: (i) Cronbach's test for reliability of the scale, (ii) exploratory factor analysis (EFA), (iii) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and (iv) structural equation model (SEM). The results of the research show that voluntary tax compliance is directly affected by the three factors of audit probability, corporate reputation and business ownership. The probability of audit and severity of sanctions have the strongest impact on tax compliance. Therefore, the tax authorities need to strengthen the inspection of tax declarations, tax payments and tax refunds of firms. The paper confirms that enforced tax compliance is directly affected by the three factors of audit probability, sanction severity and social norms. Voluntary compliance and compulsory compliance have an effect on tax compliance, though voluntary compliance has a more powerful impact.
Linh, Nguyen Thuy Ba,Huyen, Nguyen Thi Dieu,Noh, Seok Kyun,Lyoo, Won Seok,Lee, Dong-Ho,Kim, Yongman Elsevier 2009 Journal of organometallic chemistry Vol.694 No.21
<P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>Dinuclear half-titanocene bearing a xylene bridge, <I>ortho-</I> and <I>meta-</I>xylene, have been successfully synthesized and introduced for styrene polymerization. The activities of the catalysts with rigid <I>ortho</I>- and <I>meta</I>-xylene bridges were higher than those of catalysts with flexible pentamethylene bridges. Activity of the catalysts increased with higher temperature and [Al]:[Ti].</P><ce:figure></ce:figure> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Half-titanocene is well-known as an excellent catalyst for the preparation of SPS (syndiotactic polystyrene) when activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO). Dinuclear half-sandwich complexes of titanium bearing a xylene bridge, <I>(Ti</I>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>L<I>)<SUB>2</SUB>{(μ-η<SUP>5</SUP>, η<SUP>5</SUP>-C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>-ortho-(CH<SUB>2</SUB>–C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>–CH<SUB>2</SUB>)C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>}</I>, (<B>4</B> (L=Cl), <B>7</B> (L=O-2,6-<I>i</I>Pr<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>3</SUB>)) and <I>(Ti</I>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>L<I>)<SUB>2</SUB>{(μ-η<SUP>5</SUP>, η<SUP>5</SUP>-C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>-meta-(CH<SUB>2</SUB>–C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>–CH<SUB>2</SUB>)C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>}</I> (<B>5</B> (L=Cl), <B>8</B>(L=O-2,6-<I>i</I>Pr<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>3</SUB>)), have been successfully synthesized and introduced for styrene polymerization. The catalysts were characterized by <SUP>1</SUP>H- and <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR, and elemental analysis. These catalysts were found to be effective in forming SPS in combination with MAO. The activities of the catalysts with rigid <I>ortho</I>- and <I>meta</I>-xylene bridges were higher than those of catalysts with flexible pentamethylene bridges. The catalytic activity of four dinuclear half-titanocenes increased in the order of <B>4</B><<B>5</B><<B>7</B><<B>8</B>. This result displays that the <I>meta</I>-xylene bridged catalyst is more active than the <I>ortho</I>-xylene bridged and that the aryloxo group at the titanium center is more effective at promoting catalyst activity compared to the chloride group at the titanium center. Temperature and ratio of [Al]:[Ti] had significant effects on catalytic activity. Polymerizations were conducted at three different temperatures (25, 40, and 70°C) with variation in the [Al]:[Ti] ratio from 2000 to 4000. It was observed that activity of the catalysts increased with increasing temperature, as well as higher [Al]:[Ti]. Different xylene linkage patterns (<I>ortho</I> and <I>meta</I>) were recognized to be a principal factor leading to the characteristics of the dinuclear catalyst due to its different spatial arrangement, causing dissimilar intramolecular interactions between the two active sites.</P>