A Short Review of Teratocytes and Their Characters in Cotesia plutellae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera)

Neil A. Basio,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.2

An endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, oviposits into host hemocoel along with maternal factors including polydnavirus, ovarian proteins, and venom to manipulate host immune and development. This research reports presence and characters of teratocytes derived from developing embryos of C. plutellae. Teratocytes of C. plutellae could be cultured in ExCell-400 culture medium supplemented with antibiotics. Though they did not increase in numbers, they grew in size from 15.5 ± 0.6 ㎛ during hatching to 37.2 ± 9.6 ㎛ at 8 days after hatching in ExCell 400 medium. This report also introduces main characters about teratocytes found in other species.

A Short Review of Teratocytes and Their Characters in Cotesia plutellae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera)

Basio Neil A.,Kim Yonggyun Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.2

An endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, oviposits into host hemocoe1 along with maternal factors including polydnavirus, ovarian proteins, and venom to manipulate host immune and development. This research reports presence and characters of teratocytes derived from developing embryos of C. plutellae. Teratocytes of C. plutellae could be cultured in ExCell-400 culture medium supplemented with antibiotics. Though they did not increase in numbers, they grew in size from $15.5\;{\pm}\;0.6\;{\mu}m$ during hatching to $3.72\;{\pm}\;9.6\;{\mu}m$ at 8 days after hatching in ExCell 400 medium. This report also introduces main characters about teratocytes found in other species.

Effect of PCBs on Egg and Larval Development of Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

Neil A. Basio,Park, Sangsoon,Park, Jooyoung,Lee, Won-Kyoung,Ryoo, Keon-Sang,Kim, Yonggyun Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2004 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.7 No.2

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are nondegradable pollutants that are known to affect physiology of organisms. To assess the physiological alteration of the pollutants on insects, the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, was used as a model insect because of its wide-range occurrence and high biochemical detoxification against toxic chemicals. Low ppb levels of PCBs applied on newly laid eggs of S. exigua were found to inhibit egg development and later larval development. Larvae fed with PCB-contaminated artificial diet (below ppb levels) exhibited significant mortalities, though it did not affect the capacity of diet consumption or digestibility. PCBs injected into larval hemocoel of S. exigua were not excreted. In vitro assay showed that PCBs induced some fat body esterases of S. exigua. However, PCBs did not affect juvenile hormone esterase activity in larval hemolymph of S. exigua. These results suggest that the immature stages of S. exigua are highly susceptible, but responsive to PCBs by inducing some esterases.

프루텔고치벌 브라코바이러스(Cotesia plutellae Bracovirus) 유래 $I_{k}B$ 유전자 구조와 피기생 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella) 체내 발현 패턴

김용균,배성우,Kim Yong-Gyun,Basio Neil A.,Ibrahim Ahmed M.A.,Bae Sung-Woo 한국응용곤충학회 2006 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.45 No.1

프루텔고치벌(Cotesia plutellae)은 내부기생봉이고 kB억제자 (IkB)와 유사한 유전자가 이 기생봉의 절대 공생바이러스(C. plutellae bracovirus: CpBV) 게놈에서 발견되었다. 이 유전자의 발현 부위는 417 br의 크기이며 138개 아미노산 서열 정보를 포함하였다. 이 단백질은 4개의 ankyrin 반복영역을 지니고 있었으며, 알려진 다른 폴리드나바이러스 유래 IkB 유전자와 높은 상동성을 보였다. 초파리 Cactus 단백질을 통해 대상 기주 IkB와 비교하여 보면, IkB 신호수신영역이 부재하는 구조를 보여, CpBV-IkB는 NFkB 신호전달체계의 비가역적 억제 인자로 작용할 것으로 추정되었다. CpBV-IkB는 프루텔고치 벌에 기생된 배추좀나방에서만 발현되었다. 정량적 RT-PCR 방법으로 CpBV-IkB의 발현량을 조사하여 보면, 기생 첫날부터 발현을 보이기 시작하여 뚜렷한 발현량을 기생 전체 기간동안 유지하는 양상을 보였다. 이 CpBV-IkB의 기능 분석이 간접적으로 이뤄졌으며, 이 유전자 발현물이 대상 기주 항바이러스 억제 인자로 작용할 것이라는 가설을 제시하였다. Inhibitor kB (IkB)-like gene has been found in the genome of Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV), which is the obligatory symbiont of an endoparsitoid wasp, C. plutellae. The open reading frame of CpBV-IkB was 417 bp and encoded 138 amino acids. Four ankyrin repeat domains were found in CpBV-IkB, which shared high homology with other known polydnavirus IkBs. Considering a presumptive cellular IkB based on Drosophila Cactus, CpBV-IkB exhibited a truncated structure with deletion of signal-receiving domains, which suggested its irreversible inhibitory role in NFkB signal transduction pathway of the parasitized host in response to the wasp parasitization. CpBV-IkB was expressed only in the parasitized diamondback moth, Plutella flostella. Its expression was estimated by quantitative RT-PCR during parasitization period, showing a constitutive expression pattern from the first day of parasitization. An indirect functional analysis of CpBV-IkB was conducted and suggested a hypothesis of host antivirus inhibition.

Proteomic Analysis of Parasitization by Cotesia plutellae against Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

Lee Sunyoung,Basio Neil A.,Kim Dong Su,Kim Yonggyun Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.1

Parasitization by an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, against diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is fostered by maternal and embryonic factors such as polydnavirus, venom, and teratocyte. Genome of C. plutellae bracovirus ('CpBV') possessed at least 19 DNA segments, which ranged from 6.8 to over 30 Kb in size and were not equimolar in abundance. Teratocytes began to release into hemolymph three days after parasitization. Their cell size increased more than two fold, but cell density was not changed until six days after parasitization. After six days, teratocytes began to disappear. With these parasitizing factors, proteomic analysis was conducted in non-parasitized and parasitized DBM every 24h after parasitization to find out parasitization-specific genes. About 2,000 protein spots were resolved in two-dimensional gel. A clustering expression analysis indicated that 21 proteins of DBM were highly modulated in their expression level by the parasitization. Among such responsive proteins, 16 spots were specifically expressed in non-parasitized DBM, while five spots were only in parasitized DBM. The internal N-terminal amino acid sequences of five parasitization-specific proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF analysis and compared with those of the known proteins available in public databases. Sequence analysis revealed that the five parasitization-specific proteins shared slight homologies with several transcriptional factors or protein kinases. These five proteins were different in their expression profiles after parasitization. These proteomic analyses also reflect that parasitization by C. plutellae modulates various normal gene expressions of DBM probably by parasitization-specific factors.

Proteomic Analysis of Parasitization by Cotesia plutellae against Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

Sunyoung Lee,Neil A. Basio,Dong Su Kim,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.1

Parasitization by an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, against diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is fostered by maternal and embryonic factors such as polydnavirus, venom, and teratocyte. Genome of C. plutellae bracovirus ( CpBV') possessed at least 19 DNA segments, which ranged from 6.8 to over 30 Kb in size and were not equimolar in abundance. Teratocytes began to release into hemolymph three days after parasitization. Their cell size increased more than two fold, but cell density was not changed until six days after parasitization. After six days, teratocytes began to disappear. With these parasitizing factors, proteomic analysis was conducted in non-parasitized and parasitized DBM every 24h after parasitization to find out parasitization-specific genes. About 2,000 protein spots were resolved in two-dimensional gel. A clustering expression analysis indicated that 21 proteins of DBM were highly modulated in their expression level by the parasitization. Among such responsive proteins, 16 spots were specifically expressed in non-parasitized DBM, while five spots were only in parasitized DBM. The internal N-terminal amino acid sequences of five parasitization- specific proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF analysis and compared with those of the known proteins available in public databases. Sequence analysis revealed that the five parasitization-specific proteins shared slight homologies with several transcriptional factors or protein kinases. These five proteins were different in their expression profiles after parasitization. These proteomic analyses also reflect that parasitization by C. plutellae modulates various normal gene expressions of DBM probably by parasitization- specific factors.