Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nepal

Birendra Narayan Shah(Birendra Narayan Shah ),Md Iqbal Bhuyan(Md Iqbal Bhuyan ),Sung-Sik Kim(Sung-Sik Kim),Rukshana Salam(Rukshana Salam ) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2023 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.19 No.3

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the role of financial intermediation in Nepalese economic growth using time-series data over the period from 1974 to 2019. In order to establish the relationship, GDP per capita is used as a proxy for economic growth, while private sector credit, commercial bank assets, and the broad money supply serve as proxy measures of financial intermediation. Design/Methodology/Approach - To obtain empirical results, the Johansen test of co-integration, the vector error correction model, and the Granger causality test are applied. Findings - The results support finance-led growth in Nepal, implying that financial intermediation is positively associated with economic growth in the long run. A positive association with total trade was observed in the short run, but a negative effect was found in the long run. Granger causality tests indicate that the broad money supply and commercial bank assets are bidirectionally related to Nepal’s economic growth, while private sector credit is unidirectional. Research Implications - The findings suggest that if central bank authorities prioritized monetary policy tools, it may foster economic growth in Nepal in both the short- and long terms. In addition, for the persistent growth of the Nepalese economy, the banking sector should be reformed by employing more liberal policies. The study also suggests that policymakers should take immediate action to correct the direction of Nepalese foreign trade.

The Influence of Foreign Aid on Public Sector Efficiency: A Panel Data Analysis

Birendra Narayan SHAH(Birendra Narayan SHAH ) 국제융합경영학회 2023 융합경영연구 Vol.11 No.3

Purpose: This paper examines whether foreign aid influences public sector efficiency in policy areas of administration, education, and stability. Research design, data and methodology: The study uses panel data of 77 aid recipient developing countries over the period 2000-2020 and employs various panel data techniques to estimate. Results: We found that a percentage change in foreign aid increases administrative efficiency by 0.02 to 0.04 on average ceteris paribus in the short run. On the other hand, a percentage increase in foreign aid decreases education efficiency by 0.005 to 0.006 on average. While the impact of foreign aid on the policy area of stability is insignificant. Conclusions: The empirical results of this study have important implications for both donors and aid recipient countries. It suggests that to get positive influence from foreign aid, in the area of education and stability, the recipient countries need to increase accessibility of secondary schools with quality education especially; technical and vocational. Also, the donor should provide a minimum threshold amount of foreign aid to developing countries for reforming the institutions' capacity building.

Research Note : First Record of Endophytic Paraconiothyrium brasiliense Isolated from Chinese Maple Leaves in Korea

( Narayan Chandra Paul ),( Hyang Burm Lee ) 한국균학회 2014 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.42 No.4

Low-macroscopic field emission properties of wide bandgap copper aluminium oxide nanoparticles for low-power panel applications

Narayan Banerjee, Arghya,Joo, Sang W IOP Pub 2011 Nanotechnology Vol.22 No.36

<P>Field emission properties of CuAlO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles are reported for the first time, with a low turn-on field of approximately 2 V µm<SUP> − 1</SUP> and field enhancement factor around 230. The field emission process follows the standard Fowler–Nordheim tunnelling of cold electron emission. The emission mechanism is found to be a combination of low electron affinity, internal nanostructure and large field enhancement at the low-dimensional emitter tips of the nanoparticles. The field emission properties are comparable to the conventional carbon-based field emitters, and thus can become alternative candidate for field emission devices for low-power panel applications.</P>

Comparison of Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection Schemes for CAN Bus Networks

Narayan Khatri,Abdul Mateen,Seung Yeob Nam 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

The Controller Area Network (CAN) communication protocol is one of the most widely used protocol in in-vehicle networks because it is simple to use and provides effective data transmission between the Electronic Control Units (ECUs). It is based on broadcast communication and lacks security features to avoid attacks from the external intruders. The vulnerabilities like lack of message authentication, lack of message encryption mechanism, and ID-based arbitration mechanism for contention resolution makes it easier for hackers to launch sophisticated attacks on the bus. Researchers have shown with experimentation that they can take control over the vehicle functionalities by injecting spoofed messages in the CAN bus networks. The attack surfaces used are OBD-II port, telematics unit, and infotainment systems, etc. Thus, the security of the vehicle can be endangered, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) is important to detect security attacks in CAN networks. In this paper, we compare the various machine learning algorithms for intrusion detection in CAN networks through experiments. We have used the dataset provided by researchers from a university to evaluate the performance of the selected algorithms. One-class classification algorithms that are used in this paper include isolation forest, one class support vector machine, local outlier factor, and minimum covariance determinant.

Experimental study of droplet splashing phenomena on hydrophobic micro-and micro/nano-textured surfaces

Narayan Pandurang Sapkal,박수청,Yeon-Won Lee,Dong In Yu 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.11

Droplet splashing phenomena are observed experimentally on the welldesigned hydrophobic micro and micro-/nano-textured surfaces. The critical Weber numbers (We cr ) for splashing are investigated by considering the geometrical surface conditions. The splashing was facilitated with large micropillar spacing and diameter and suppressed with small ones. Large pillar spacing and diameter enabled easy penetration of liquid by reduced capillary force and increased the outlet of airflow. This air-liquid velocity difference creates instability at the edge of the spreading droplet, thereby generating splashing based on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism. Besides, earlier splashing was observed on micro/nano textures than on microtextured surfaces. Since the impacting droplet could not penetrate the nanopillars due to higher capillary pressure and slip boundary condition formation, it reduces airflow friction. Hence an increase in the air-liquid velocity ratio renders splashing.

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on CAN Bus and Countermeasures: A review

Narayan Khatri,Seung Yeob Nam 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.8

In-vehicle automotive network is vulnerable to various cyber-attacks because of its poor design of the safety and security functions of the vehicle. Controller Area Network (CAN) is widely used protocol for in-vehicle communication in the automotive domain. However, CAN was not designed with security in mind and can be easily attacked. Hackers can launch Denial of Service (DoS) attack to the vehicle through external devices like OBD-II diagnostics port, infotainment systems, etc., and can endanger the lives of drivers and passengers. Thus, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in in-vehicle network is investigated intensively recently. This paper particularly reviews Intrusion Detection Systems for mitigating DoS attack in in-vehicle CAN networks.

Laminar Lifted Methane Jet Flames in Co-flow Air

Narayan P. Sapkal,Won June Lee,Jeong Park,Byeong Jun Lee,Oh Boong Kwon 한국연소학회 2015 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2015 No.12

The Laminar lifted methane jet flames diluted with helium and nitrogen in co-flow air have been investigated experimentally. The chemiluminescence intensities of OH* and CH₂O* radicals and the radius of curvature for tri-brachial flame were measured using an intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) camera, monochromator and digital video camera. The product of OH* and CH₂O* is used as a excellent proxy of heat release rate. These methane jet flames could be lifted in buoyancy and jet dominated regimes despite the Schmidt number less than unity. Lifted flames were stabilized due to buoyancy induced convection in buoyancy-dominated regime. It was confirmed that increased OH* and CH₂O* concentration caused an increase of edge flame speed via enhanced chemical reaction in buoyancy dominated regime. In jet momentum dominated regime lifted flames were observed even for nozzle exit velocities much higher than stoichiometric laminar flame speed. An increase in radius of curvature in addition to the increased OH* and CH₂O* concentration stabilizes such lifted flames.

New Records of Endophytic Paecilomyces inflatus and Bionectria ochroleuca from Chili Pepper Plants in Korea

( Narayan Chandra Paul ),( Jian Xin Deng ),( Ji Hye Lee ),( Seung Hun Yu ) 한국균학회 2013 Mycobiology Vol.41 No.1

Two new species of endophytic fungi were encountered during a diversity study of healthy tissues of chili pepper plants in Korea. The species were identified as Paecilomyces inflatus and Bionectria ochroleuca based on molecular and morphological analyses. Morphological descriptions of these endophytic isolates matched well with their molecular analysis. In the present study, detailed descriptions of internal transcribed spacer regions and morphological observations of these two fungi are presented.

Surfactant mediated liquid phase exfoliation of graphene

NARAYAN REKHA,Kim Sang Ouk 나노기술연구협의회 2015 Nano Convergence Vol.2 No.20

Commercialization of graphene based applications inevitably requires cost effective mass production. From the early days of research on graphene, direct liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite has been considered as the most promising strategy to produce high-quality mono or few-layer graphene sheets in solvent dispersion forms. Substantial success has been achieved thus far in the LPE of graphene employing numerous solvent systems and suitable surfactants. This invited review article principally showcase the recent research progress as well as shortcomings of surfactant assisted LPE of graphene. In particular, a comprehensive assessment of the quality and yield of the graphene sheets produced by different categories of the surfactants are summarized. Future direction of LPE methods is also proposed for the eventual success of commercial applications.