AVHRR Remote Sensing of Aerosol Microphysics in Global Scale

Higurashi, Akiko,Nakajima, Teruyuki 대한원격탐사학회 1996 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.12 No.1

Satellite remote sensing of microphysical parameters of atmospheric aerosols starts drawing attention of climate community after findings of large global climate effects of aerosols (Charlson et al., 1992) and ship track trail clouds (Coakley et al., 1987). In this situation, there has been considerable effort for developing adequate remote sensing techniques of related aerosol parameters (e.g., Kaufman and Nakajima, 1993; Nakajima and Higurashi, 1996). In this paper, we study a design of retrieval scheme of microphysical parameters of aerosols from multichannel satellite imagers, such as NOAA/AVHRR, ADEOS/ OCTS and ADEOSII/GLI. In this scheme, the optical thickness and effective particle radius of aerosol can be inverted accura~ely from multi-channel analyses of radiances by an efficient look-up table algorithm (Higurashi and Nakajima, 1996; Nakajima et al., 1996) and an iterative inversion algorithm. We have applied our scheme to AVHRR radiance data to produce global map of aerosol microphysical parameters.

A Nationwide Study on Optical Analysis for Expecting HEOs to Support Ambulances

Nakajima, Isao,Tsuda, Kazuhide,Juzoji, Hiroshi,Ta, Masuhisa,Nakajima, Atsushi Korea Multimedia Society 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.2

This paper deals with actual optical data from rural as well as urban areas in a nationwide study captured with Fisheye cameras. Simultaneously data was collected (of the receiving power density) from the mobile communications satellite N-STAR. The visibility of the satellite is easily determined by checking the value of the pixels in the binarized fisheye image of its position. The process of determining the visible satellite is automatically performed. Based on the analyses of the field data measured in Japan, we are expecting HEOs (Highly inclined Elliptical Orbiters) that would reduce blockage in the extreme northern region of Wakkanai City well as in the most crowded urban area, in Tokyo Ginza. In case of HEOs operation, the elevation angle will improve from 37 with N-STAR GEO to 75 degrees. HEOs could replace 5G/Ka-band or support in rural areas where broadband circuit is not available. We are proposing combination operations with HEOs and 5G/Ka-band to solve blockage problems, because HEOs can keep line-of-sight propagation with high elevation angle for long duration. In such operations, the communications profile on the vehicle based on actual optical data will be very useful to predict blockages and to select/switch a suitable circuit.

Looking Back over a Decade "Final Decision Call after the Accidents of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant"

Nakajima, Isao,Kurokawa, Kiyoshi Korea Multimedia Society 2020 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.7 No.2

The author Nakajima was involved in the field of disaster communications and emergency medical care as guest research scientist at the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission established by the National Diet of Japan and reviewer of the Commission's report, and Kurokawa was the chairman of this Commission. Looking back over a decade, we are on the liability issue of bureaucrats and telecom operators, so it's becoming clear what was hidden at the time. The battery of NTT DoCoMo's mobile phone repeaters had a capacity of only about 24 hours, and communication failures increased after one day. The Government also failed to issue an announcement of "Vent from reactor" under the Telecommunications Act Article No. 129. This mistake lost the opportunity to use the third-party telecommunications (e.g. taxi radios). Furthermore, as a result of LASCOM (telecommunications satellite network for local governments via GEO) and a variety of unexpected communication failures, the evacuation order "Escape!" could not be notified to the general public well. As a result, the general public was exposed to unnecessary radiation exposure. Such bureaucratic slow action in emergencies is common in the response to the 2020 coronavirus.

Detecting of Periodic Fasciculations of Avian Muscles Using Magnetic and Other Multimedia Devices

Isao Nakajima,Sachie Tanaka,Kokuryo Mitsuhashi,Jun-ichi Hata,Tomo Nakajima 한국멀티미디어학회 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.4

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn’t transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemics in the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

Evaluation of seismic hazard curves and scenario earthquakes for Korean sites based on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis

Nakajima, M.,Choi, I.K.,Ohtori, Y.,Choun, Y.S. North-Holland Pub. Co 2007 Nuclear engineering and design Vol.237 No.3

Seismic hazard curves and scenario earthquakes based on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) are evaluated for a site in Korea. Moreover, dominant seismic sources for the site are identified from the contribution factors of the seismic sources. Furthermore, the seismic hazard curves for eight sites in Korea are evaluated to grasp the regional difference of the seismic hazard, and the more detailed information on seismic hazard for Korean sites is obtained.

Quantum SUSY algebra of <i>Q</i>-lumps in the massive Grassmannian sigma model

Nakajima, Hiroaki,Oh, Phillial,Shin, Sunyoung The Institute of Physics 2009 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL Vol.42 No.12

<P>We compute the <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/42/12/125401/jpa296117ieqn1.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\mathcal{N}=2 '/> SUSY algebra of the massive Grassmannian sigma model in (2+1) dimensions. We first rederive the action of the model by using Scherk–Schwarz dimensional reduction from <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/42/12/125401/jpa296117ieqn2.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\mathcal{N}=1 '/> theory in (3+1) dimensions. Then, we perform canonical quantization by using the Dirac method. We find that a particular choice of the operator ordering yields the quantum SUSY algebra of <I>Q</I>-lumps with central extension.</P>

Zebrafish Vascular Development: General and Tissue-Specific Regulation

Nakajima Hiroyuki,Chiba Ayano,Fukumoto Moe,Morooka Nanami,Mochizuki Naoki 한국지질동맥경화학회 2021 지질·동맥경화학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Circulation is required for the delivery of oxygen and nutrition to tissues and organs, as well as waste collection. Therefore, the heart and vessels develop first during embryogenesis. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood cells, which originate from the mesoderm. The gene expression pattern required for blood vessel development is predetermined by the hierarchical and sequential regulation of genes for the differentiation of mesodermal cells. Herein, we review how blood vessels form distinctly in different tissues or organs of zebrafish and how vessel formation is universally or tissue-specifically regulated by signal transduction pathways and blood flow. In addition, the unsolved issues of mutual contacts and interplay of circulatory organs during embryogenesis are discussed.

Current Progress in the Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation in the Industrially Valuable Microorganism Aspergillus oryzae

Nakajima, Keiichi,Sano, Motoaki,Machida, Masayuki The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.4

Aspergillus is considered to be an attractive host for heterologous protein production because of its safety and ability to secrete large amounts of proteins. In order to obtain high productivity, thus far promoters of amylases have been most widely used in A. oryzae. Recent progress in cloning and expression analysis, including EST sequencing, revealed that glycolytic genes represent some of those most strongly expressed in A. oryzae. Therefore, promoters of glycolytic genes could be important alternatives to promoters of amylases because lower amounts of proteases are produced in the presence of glucose. Several A. oryzae transcription factors responsible for the induction and/or maximum expression of many industrially important genes encoding amylases and proteases have been cloned and characterized. In addition to the transcriptional regulatory factors, the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNa polymerase II, constituting the basic transcription machinery, has also been cloned from A. oryzae. This recently acquired understanding of the details of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and factors will facilitate engineering flexible controls for the expression of proteins important for the fermentation industries.

Role of IL-23 and Th17 Cells in Airway Inflammation in Asthma

Nakajima, Hiroshi,Hirose, Koichi The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2010 Immune Network Vol.10 No.1

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation with intense eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Accumulating evidence indicates that antigen-specific Th2 cells and their cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 orchestrate these pathognomonic features of asthma. In addition, we and others have recently shown that IL-17-producing $CD4^+$ T cells (Th17 cells) and IL-23, an IL-12-related cytokine that is essential for survival and functional maturation of Th17 cells, are involved in antigen-induced airway inflammation. In this review, our current understanding of the roles of IL-23 and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation will be summarized.

DEEP INFRARED SURVEYS OF STAR FORMING REGIONS IN THE MWG AND LMC

NAKAJIMA YASUSHI The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2

On behalf of the IRSF/SIRIUS group, I introduce some recent results from our deep near-infrared surveys (J, Hand Ks bands, limiting magnitude of Ks=17) toward star forming regions in the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG) and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the near-infrared camera SIRIUS. We discovered a rich population of low-mass young stellar objects associated with the W3 and NGC 7538 regions in the MWG based on the near-infrared colors arid magnitudes. The high sensitivity of our survey enables us to detect intermediate-mass pre-main sequence stars, i.e. HAEBE stars, even in the LMC. We detected many HAEBE candidate stars in the N159/N160 complex star forming region in the LMC with the IRSF 1.4-m telescope. Spatial distributions of the young stellar objects indicate the sequential cluster formation in each star forming region in the complex and large scale (a few ${\times}$ 100 pc) sequential cluster formation over the entire complex.