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Atsushi Kuno,Masaharu Nomura,Hideki Matsuzaki,Tomoko Nakagawa,Atsushi Matsuda,Yoshitoshi Hirao,Masao Sasaki,Norihiro Ikeda,Toshitaka Nagao,Yuzuru Ikehara,Hisashi Narimatsu 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1
Cell glycome is defined by the glyco synthesis machinery regulated by harmonized expression of more than 100 glycogenes. The machinery-dependent glycome drastically shifts during cell progression and differentiation in association with tumorigenesis and malformation, and thus it motivates us to discover the disease-related alteration in glycosylation. Glycan-targeted histochemical approaches using lectin and anti-glycogene antibodies have provided some key information to characterize specific histological types of cells in pathology. However, this approach is not suitable for the comprehensive analysis targeting the cell glycome, and thus may fail to provide insight into glycome shift during the disease progression. Several years ago, we developed the methodology for rapid and systematic glycome shift analysis targeting formalin-fixed tissue specimens by means of lectin microarray. The resultant method enabled simultaneous observation of over 40 lectins interacted with glycoproteins in 1 mm2 of the tissue specimens. Recently, we sophisticated this methodology to be suitable for comparative analysis of a series of cells in specific groups isolated from a single tissue specimen by laser microdissection, and now our research has gained interest in the variability and distribution of cell glycome in the tissue, i.e., “tissue glycome mapping”. In this meeting, we will summarize the advantage of this new methodology and its application for glyco-biomarker discovery, as well as the construction of “tissue glycome atlas”.
Iwamoto, Takuro,Doi, Yuya,Kinoshita, Keita,Takano, Atsushi,Takahashi, Yoshiaki,Kim, Eunhye,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Takata, Shin-ichi,Nagao, Michihiro,Matsushita, Yushu American Chemical Society 2018 Macromolecules Vol.51 No.17
<P>Conformations of highly purified ring polystyrene, R-70, with the molar mass of 70 kg/mol, in a good solvent and in linear polymer homologue matrices were examined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The radii of gyration <I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB> of R-70 were estimated by the Guinier’s approximation from the SANS profiles obtained, and the polymer volume fraction Φ dependence of <I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> was discussed. In deuterated toluene as a good solvent, R-70 exhibits the <I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> ∼ Φ<SUP>-0.29±0.01</SUP> dependence at high Φ above the overlap volume fraction, Φ<SUB>0</SUB>* (i.e., 1 < Φ/Φ<SUB>0</SUB>* < 20). This exponent −0.29 shows stronger Φ dependence than that for semidilute solutions of linear polymers, −0.25, predicted from the scaling theory, suggesting that the ring expands more sensitively than linear chains when Φ decreases in semidilute regime. In contrast, the Φ dependence of <I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> of R-70 is evidently weaker than that of the recent simulation for ring polymer solutions (<I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> ∼ Φ<SUP>−0.59</SUP>) by Reigh et al. This difference is thought to originate from the difference in the ring chain length; i.e., the simulation treated much longer rings than the ring adopted in this study. Therefore, it is expected that the exponent −0.29 for the ring polymer solutions obtained in this study is not a limiting value but is a transit one toward higher Φ/Φ<SUB>0</SUB>* region. The size of R-70 is also increased when the ring was diluted with linear polystyrenes. However, the degree of expansion of the rings in linear polymer matrices is considerably lower than that in toluene solutions. Moreover, the molar masses of the linear chains added hardly effect the expansion behavior of the rings. In fact, the dimension of rings gets closer to that of the Gaussian rings as a larger amount of linear chains is added.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Aerosol model evaluation using two geostationary satellites over East Asia in May 2016
Goto, Daisuke,Kikuchi, Maki,Suzuki, Kentaroh,Hayasaki, Masamitsu,Yoshida, Mayumi,Nagao, Takashi M.,Choi, Myungje,Kim, Jhoon,Sugimoto, Nobuo,Shimizu, Atsushi,Oikawa, Eiji,Nakajima, Teruyuki Elsevier 2019 Atmospheric research Vol.217 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study newly applies measurements from two geostationary satellites, the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard the geostationary satellite Himawari-8 and the Geostationary Ocean Color imager (GOCI) onboard the geostationary satellite COMS, to evaluate a unique regional aerosol-transport model coupled to a non-hydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM) at a high resolution without any nesting technique and boundary conditions of the aerosols. Taking advantage of the unique capability of these geostationary satellites to measure aerosols with unprecedentedly high temporal resolution, we focus on a target area (115°E-155°E, 20°N-50°N) in East Asia in May 2016, which featured the periodic transport of industrial aerosols and a very heavy aerosol plume from Siberian wildfires. The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) fields are compared among the AHI, GOCI, MODIS, AERONET and NICAM data. The results show that both AHI- and GOCI-retrieved AOTs were generally comparable to the AERONET-retrieved ones, with high correlation coefficients of approximately 0.7 in May 2016. They also show that NICAM successfully captured the detailed horizontal distribution of AOT transported from Siberia to Japan on the most polluted day (18 May 2016). The monthly statistical metrics, including correlation between the model and either AHI or GOCI, are estimated to be >0.4 in 42–49% of the target area. With the aid of sensitivity model experiments with and without Siberian wildfires, it was found that a long-range transport of aerosols from Siberian wildfires (from as far as 3000 km) to Japan influenced the monthly mean aerosol levels, accounting for 7–35% of the AOT, 26–49% of the surface PM2.5 concentrations, and 25–66% of the aerosol extinction above 3 km in height over Japan. Therefore, the air pollutants from Siberian wildfire cannot be ignored for the spring over Japan.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A high resolution model generally produces an observed aerosol distribution. </LI> <LI> Next-generation geostationary satellites are applied for aerosol model evaluation. </LI> <LI> Multiple measurement helped to understand the 4-dimensional aerosol structure. </LI> <LI> Siberian wildfires strongly affected the aerosol levels over Japan in May 2016. </LI> </UL> </P>