Genotype Profiles for the Quantitative Trait Related to Milk Composition in Bulls Used for Artificial Insemination in India

Mukhopadhyaya, P.N.,Mehta, H.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.3

A population of exotic Holstein Friesian, Jersey, their crossbreds and the indigenous Murrah breed of buffalo bulls (n=486), used in artificial insemination breeding program were screened for the allelic distribution of the ${\kappa}$-casein and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin genotypes. The preferred "B" allele frequency was highest in Murrah buffalo bulls followed by Jersey and Holstein Friesian. The increase in this particular allele frequency in the Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls was more when compared to their Jersey counterparts. Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium was maintained albeit with some deviations, which was higher in crossbreds than in purebreds. The feasibility of using such large-scale molecular diagnostic tools in the field and their significance with regards to the dairy economy is discussed.

The Asia Cornea Society Infectious Keratitis Study: A Prospective Multicenter Study of Infectious Keratitis in Asia

Khor, Wei-Boon,Prajna, Venkatesh N.,Garg, Prashant,Mehta, Jodhbir S.,Xie, Lixin,Liu, Zuguo,Padilla, Ma. Dominga B.,Joo, Choun-Ki,Inoue, Yoshitsugu,Goseyarakwong, Panida,Hu, Fung-Rong,Nishida, Kohji,Ki Elsevier 2018 American journal of ophthalmology Vol.195 No.-

<P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To survey the demographics, risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes for infectious keratitis in Asia.</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Thirteen study centers and 30 sub-centers recruited consecutive subjects over 12-18 months, and performed standardized data collection. A microbiological protocol standardized the processing and reporting of all isolates. Treatment of the infectious keratitis was decided by the managing ophthalmologist. Subjects were observed for up to 6 months. Main outcome measures were final visual acuity and the need for surgery during infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 6626 eyes of 6563 subjects were studied. The majority of subjects were male (n = 3992). Trauma (n = 2279, 34.7%) and contact lens wear (n = 704, 10.7%) were the commonest risk factors. Overall, bacterial keratitis was diagnosed in 2521 eyes (38.0%) and fungal keratitis in 2166 eyes (32.7%). Of the 2831 microorganisms isolated, the most common were <I>Fusarium</I> species (n = 518, 18.3%), <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> (n = 302, 10.7%), and <I>Aspergillus flavus</I> (n = 236, 8.3%). Cornea transplantation was performed in 628 eyes to manage ongoing infection, but 289 grafts (46%) had failed by the end of the study. Moderate visual impairment (Snellen vision less than 20/60) was documented in 3478 eyes (53.6%).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Demographic and risk factors for infection vary by country, but infections occur predominantly in male subjects and are frequently related to trauma. Overall, a similar percentage of bacterial and fungal infections were diagnosed in this study. Visual recovery after infectious keratitis is guarded, and corneal transplantation for active infection is associated with a high failure rate.</P>

Investigation of a.c. conductivity measurements in a-Se80Te20 and a-Se80Te10M10 (M = Cd, in, Sb) alloys using correlated barrier hopping model

N. Chandel,N. Mehta,A. Kumar 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.2

The a.c. conductivity of a-Se80Te20 and a-Se80Te10M10 (M ¼ Cd, In, Sb) alloys has been investigated as a function of temperature in the range from 280 to 330 K and frequency in the range from 102 to 104 Hz. The experimental results indicate that a.c. conductivity sac is proportional to us where s < 1 and decreases with increasing temperature. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. An agreement between experimental and theoretical results suggests that the a.c. conductivity behavior of a-Se80Te20 and a-Se80Te10M10 (M ¼ Cd, In, Sb) system can be successfully explained by CBH model. The contribution of single polaron and bipolaron hopping to a.c. conductivity in present alloys is also studied. The a.c. conductivity of a-Se80Te20 and a-Se80Te10M10 (M ¼ Cd, In, Sb) alloys has been investigated as a function of temperature in the range from 280 to 330 K and frequency in the range from 102 to 104 Hz. The experimental results indicate that a.c. conductivity sac is proportional to us where s < 1 and decreases with increasing temperature. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. An agreement between experimental and theoretical results suggests that the a.c. conductivity behavior of a-Se80Te20 and a-Se80Te10M10 (M ¼ Cd, In, Sb) system can be successfully explained by CBH model. The contribution of single polaron and bipolaron hopping to a.c. conductivity in present alloys is also studied.

Stability analysis of an inverted three-lobe pressure dam bearing

Mehta N.P 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.8

The stability of an ordinary journal bearing is found to increase by the use of multi-lobes. The performance can be further improved by the incorporation of pressure dam into these bearing. This paper analyzes the dynamic behavior of a new type of bearing, namely, an inverted three-lobe pressure dam bearing. An inverted three-lobe pressure dam bearing is produced by incorporating a pressure dam in the upper lobe and two relief tracks in the lower two lobes of an ordinary inverted three-lobe bearing. The characteristic curves of this bearing show that it is much more stable as compared to an ordinary inverted three-lobe bearing.

Foreign bodies in common bile duct in post cholecystectomy status—case series of 8 cases—A single center experience in western India

Pankaj N. Desai,Chintan N. Patel,Mayank V. Kabrawala,Subhash K. Nandwani,Rajiv M. Mehta,Parika Kalra,Ritesh Prajapati,Nisharg Patel,Krishna K. Parekh 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.10 No.2

Foreign bodies in common bile duct (CBD) are rare. Obstructive jaundice in patients who have undergone cholecystectomy may be due to a variety of causes. Common causes of obstruction in these cases are residual stones, inflammatory or ischaemic strictures following CBD injury during cholecystectomy or malignant strictures. Foreign bodies in the bile duct in these post cholecystectomy patients are known but reported very rarely. Clinical features and biochemistry of these patients are no different than those due to other causes mentioned above. Imaging studies will show obstruction due to stones or sludge or narrowing but may not give conclusive diagnosis of a foreign body. Endoscopic ultrasound is helpful in these cases as it shows a hyperechoic foreign body within the stone if the substance is a metallic clip. In our current case series, we are presenting eight such cases with post cholecystectomy foreign bodies, in the form of materials used for ligating or clipping the cystic duct before transection during cholecystectomy, or a mistakenly left behind gauze piece, migrating into the bile duct and forming a nidus for stone formation and causing CBD obstruction. To conclude, if a patient presents with biliary obstruction with a history of cholecystectomy, the possibility of foreign body in the CBD must be considered as a possible differential diagnosis.

Novel pre-peroral endoscopic myotomy preparation for esophageal clearance: Simple yet effective!

Pankaj N. Desai,Chintan N. Patel,Mayank V. Kabrawala,Rajiv M. Mehta,Subhash K. Nandwani,Ritesh M. Prajapati,Nisharg B. Patel,Krishna K. Parekh 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.10 No.1

Background: Having a clean esophagus is an integral part of the peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure for ensuring safety and success. Conventional preparation is a tricky, because there is no defined definite timeline of fasting for the different types of achalasia. The present study introduces a simple yet effective preparation of esophageal clearance. Methods: All patients who underwent POEM were included. Patients were stratified in novel and conventional preparation groups by a random selection. In the novel preparation, the cases were maintained on lukewarm water and carbonated drink followed by nil per oral (NPO) prior to the procedure. In conventional preparation, the controls were maintained on clear liquid followed by NPO. Success rate of preparation and procedure related outcomes were compared using independent t tests and chi-squared tests. Results: A total of 150 patients (male 54.0%; mean age 41.2 ± 15.5 years) were included in the study. Known baseline and clinical factors which could affect esophageal clearance were evenly distributed between the two groups. Novel preparation had provided absolute esophageal clearance (97.3%) without the requirement of pre-POEM endoscopic cleaning. Moreover, Novel preparation demonstrates several advantages over the conventional preparation: decreased anesthesia aspiration risk (P < 0.0001), reduced preoperative hospitalization (P < 0.0001), and hospital stays (P < 0.005). Conclusion: Evidently, the novel preparation is very simple, efficient, safe and appropriate for all types of achalasia. Moreover, novel preparation provides absolute esophageal clearance without requiring prolonged period of liquid diet, fasting and pre-POEM endoscopic cleaning.

Usefulness of endoscopic pancreatography without contrast agents and efficacy of transpapillary intervention for pancreatic duct rupture in chronic pancreatitis: Our study of 321 cases in 11 years

Pankaj N. Desai,Chintan N. Patel,Mayank V. Kabrawala,Subhash K. Nandwani,Rajiv M. Mehta,Ritesh M. Prajapati,Nisharg B. Patel,Krishna K. Parekh,Neha D. Sheth 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.10 No.1

Background: To assess the usefulness of endoscopic pancreatography without contrast agents and efficacy of transpapillary intervention for pancreatic duct (PD) rupture in chronic pancreatitis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all cases of chronic pancreatitis with ductal rupture causing ascites, effusions and pseudocysts. We performed magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) without contrast. Results observed based on the possibility of wire crossing the leak or not and their resolutions were noted. Results: We performed ERP in 1,324 patients. Ductal disruptions in 321/1,324 (24.2%). We divided cases into two groups. Group 1 involves disruptions causing ascites in 60 cases (18.7%) and effusions in 34 cases (10.6%), and group 2 involves pseudocysts in 227 cases (70.7%). In group 1, 82 patients (87.2%) experienced successful cannulation of PD. Leak crossed in 70 (74.5%) with complete resolution in all. Leak did not cross in 12 cases of which 8 (8.5%) installed stents resolved while four (4.3%) did not resolve. In group 2, 219 (96.5%) PD cannulated. Leak did not cross but stents put in cyst (176, 77.5%). Complete resolution occurred without infection. Leaks were crossed in 43 (18.9%); complete resolution, 14 (32.6%). Complete regression was not achieved in 19 (8.3%). Eight cysts were not resolved (3.5%). Transmural drainage was done. Infection was noted in 2 cases (0.9%). Sites of leak in pseudocysts were jenu & body, 167 (73.6%); tail, 60 (26.4%). We recorded pancreas divisum in 24/321 (7.5%). ERP failed in 20 (6.2%). Three were managed medically (1.3%), 5 with distal pancreatectomy (2.2%), 4 with lateral pancreatico jejunostomy (1.8%), and 8 with transmural drainage (3.5%). Conclusion: PD rupture in chronic pancreatitis can be managed transpapillary, without any contrast during ERP. In majority, endosonography aspiration and transmural drainage are needed only when transpapillary fails. Leak from tail responded better than those from proximal duct with ERP.

Hydroxy propyl β-cyclodextrin complexation of promethazine hydrochloride for the formulation of fast dissolving sublingual film: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Jigar N. Shah,Kashyap N. Shah,Tejal A. Mehta 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.1

Promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ-HCl) is a classical anti-motion sickness drug which has oral bioavailability (25 %) due to extensive hepatic first pass metabolism. To overcome this drawback, novel, fast dissolving sublingual film (FDSF) of drug was developed. FDSF was formulated using pullulan and propylene glycol (PG) by solvent casting method. Complete taste masking was successfully obtained with HP β-CD, aspartame and grape fruit flavour. Complex of drug was proved using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. Optimization of concentration of pullulan and PG was done using 32 full factorial design. Batches were evaluated for the parameters like elongation, tensile strength, folding endurance and in vitro disintegration studies. In vitro dissolution indicated 100 % drug release within 7.5 min. Environmental scanning electron microscopy studies also showed uniform drug distribution and integrity of film. In vivo sublingual absorption in human indicated that 70 % of drug absorbed in 10 min. The stability studies indicated that label should state ‘‘Store at cool, dry place’’ at temperature 25 ˚C. So by formulating the taste masked FDSF of PMZ-HCl will give faster onset of action and avoid unnecessary drug intake leading to traveller friendly formulation.

Foreign bodies in common bile duct in post cholecystectomy status—case series of 8 cases—A single center experience in western India

Pankaj N. Desai,Chintan N. Patel,Mayank V. Kabrawala,Subhash K. Nandwani,Rajiv M. Mehta,Parika Kalra,Ritesh Prajapati,Nisharg Patel,Krishna K. Parekh 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.10 No.2

Foreign bodies in common bile duct (CBD) are rare. Obstructive jaundice in patients who have undergone cholecystectomy may be due to a variety of causes. Common causes of obstruction in these cases are residual stones, inflammatory or ischaemic strictures following CBD injury during cholecystectomy or malignant strictures. Foreign bodies in the bile duct in these post cholecystectomy patients are known but reported very rarely. Clinical features and biochemistry of these patients are no different than those due to other causes mentioned above. Imaging studies will show obstruction due to stones or sludge or narrowing but may not give conclusive diagnosis of a foreign body. Endoscopic ultrasound is helpful in these cases as it shows a hyperechoic foreign body within the stone if the substance is a metallic clip. In our current case series, we are presenting eight such cases with post cholecystectomy foreign bodies, in the form of materials used for ligating or clipping the cystic duct before transection during cholecystectomy, or a mistakenly left behind gauze piece, migrating into the bile duct and forming a nidus for stone formation and causing CBD obstruction. To conclude, if a patient presents with biliary obstruction with a history of cholecystectomy, the possibility of foreign body in the CBD must be considered as a possible differential diagnosis.

Novel pre-peroral endoscopic myotomy preparation for esophageal clearance: Simple yet effective!

Pankaj N. Desai,Chintan N. Patel,Mayank V. Kabrawala,Rajiv M. Mehta,Subhash K. Nandwani,Ritesh M. Prajapati,Nisharg B. Patel,Krishna K. Parekh 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.10 No.1

Background: Having a clean esophagus is an integral part of the peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure for ensuring safety and success. Conventional preparation is a tricky, because there is no defined definite timeline of fasting for the different types of achalasia. The present study introduces a simple yet effective preparation of esophageal clearance. Methods: All patients who underwent POEM were included. Patients were stratified in novel and conventional preparation groups by a random selection. In the novel preparation, the cases were maintained on lukewarm water and carbonated drink followed by nil per oral (NPO) prior to the procedure. In conventional preparation, the controls were maintained on clear liquid followed by NPO. Success rate of preparation and procedure related outcomes were compared using independent t tests and chi-squared tests. Results: A total of 150 patients (male 54.0%; mean age 41.2 ± 15.5 years) were included in the study. Known baseline and clinical factors which could affect esophageal clearance were evenly distributed between the two groups. Novel preparation had provided absolute esophageal clearance (97.3%) without the requirement of pre-POEM endoscopic cleaning. Moreover, Novel preparation demonstrates several advantages over the conventional preparation: decreased anesthesia aspiration risk (P < 0.0001), reduced preoperative hospitalization (P < 0.0001), and hospital stays (P < 0.005). Conclusion: Evidently, the novel preparation is very simple, efficient, safe and appropriate for all types of achalasia. Moreover, novel preparation provides absolute esophageal clearance without requiring prolonged period of liquid diet, fasting and pre-POEM endoscopic cleaning.