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Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Dysfunctions in Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Nabi, A.H.M. Nurun,Islam, Laila N.,Rahman, Mohanmmad Mahfuzur,Biswas, Kazal Boron Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2005 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.38 No.6
Since conflicting results have been reported on non-specific immune response in type 1 diabetes, this study evaluates polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions in the infection free Long Evan diabetic rats (type 1) by using tests that include: polarization assay, phagocytosis of baker's yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction. Polarization assay showed that neutrophils from diabetic rats were significantly activated at the basal level compared to those from the controls (p < 0.001). After PMN activation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), control neutrophils were found to be more polarized than those of the diabetic neutrophils and the highest proportions of polarization were found to be 67% and 57% at $10^{-7}\;M$ FMLP, respectively. In the resting state, neutrophils from the diabetic rats reduced significantly more NBT dye than that of the controls (p < 0.001). The percentages of phagocytosis of opsonized yeast cells by the neutrophils from control and diabetic rats were 87% and 61%, respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Evaluation of the phagocytic efficiency of PMNs revealed that control neutrophils could phagocytose $381{\pm}17$ whereas those from the diabetic rats phagocytosed $282{\pm}16$ yeast cells, and the efficiency of phagocytosis varied significantly (p < 0.001). Further, both the percentages of phagocytosis and the efficiency of phagocytosis by the diabetic neutrophils were inversely related with the levels of their corresponding plasma glucose (p = 0.02; r = -0.498 and p < 0.05; r = -0.43, respectively), which indicated that increased plasma glucose reduced the phagocytic ability of neutrophils. Such relationship was not observed with the control neutrophils. These data clearly indicate that PMN functions are altered in the streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic rats, and hyperglycemia may be the cause for the impairment of their functions leading to many infectious episodes.
A study of spectral element method for elliptic interface problems with nonsmooth solutions in R^{2}
N. Kishore Kumar,Pankaj Biswas,B. Seshadri Reddy 한국전산응용수학회 2020 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.38 No.3
The solution of the elliptic partial differential equation has interface singularity at the points which are either the intersections of interfaces or the intersections of interfaces with the boundary of the domain. The singularities that arises in the elliptic interface problems are very complex. In this article we propose an exponentially accurate nonconforming spectral element method for these problems based on [7, 18]. A geometric mesh is used in the neighbourhood of the singularities and the auxiliary map of the form z=lnξ is introduced to remove the singularities. The method is essentially a least-squares method and the solution can be obtained by solving the normal equations using the preconditioned conjugate gradient method (PCGM) without computing the mass and stiffness matrices. Numerical examples are presented to show the exponential accuracy of the method.
Biswas, Anis,Yu, Y. Y.,Bingham, N. S.,Wang, H.,Qin, F. X.,Sun, J. F.,Yu, S. C.,Franco, V.,Srikanth, H.,Phan, M. H. American Institute of Physics 2014 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.115 No.17
<P>We have studied the impact of structural disorder on the magnetic ordering and magnetocaloric response of amorphous Gd68Ni32 and Gd53Al24Co20Zr3 microwires. We find that the presence of structural disorder significantly broadens the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic (PM-FM) transition and the temperature-dependent magnetic entropy change, while the nature of the second-order magnetic transition and long-range ferromagnetic order are not essentially affected by this effect. The large magnetic moment of Gd and the presence of the long-range ferromagnetic order are believed to result in a large magnetic entropy change, which together with the broadening of the PM-FM transition due to structural disorder contribute to a large refrigerant capacity. The excellent magnetocaloric properties of the amorphous microwires make them very promising candidates for active magnetic refrigeration. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.</P>
Biswas, Partha P.,Suganthan, P.N.,Mallipeddi, R.,Amaratunga, Gehan A.J. Elsevier 2018 ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENC Vol.68 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Optimal power flow (OPF) is a highly non-linear complex optimization problem where the steady state parameters of an electrical network need to be determined for its economical and efficient operation. The complexity of the problem escalates with ubiquitous presence of constraints in the problem. Solving OPF remains a popular but challenging task among power system researchers. In last couple of decades, numerous evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been applied to find optimal solutions with different objectives of OPF. However, the search method adopted by EAs is unconstrained. An extensively used methodology to discard infeasible solutions found during the search process is the static penalty function approach. The process requires appropriate selection of penalty coefficients decided largely by tedious trial and error method. This paper presents performance evaluation of proper constraint handling (CH) techniques — superiority of feasibly solutions (SF), self-adaptive penalty (SP) and an ensemble of these two constraint handling techniques (ECHT) with differential evolution (DE) being the basic search algorithm, on the problem of OPF. The methods are tested on standard IEEE 30, IEEE 57 and IEEE 118-bus systems for several OPF objectives such as cost, emission, power loss, voltage stability etc. Single objective and weighted sum multi-objective cases of OPF are studied under the scope of this literature. Simulation results are analyzed and compared with most recent studies on the problem.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Optimal power flow problems for IEEE 30, 57 and 118-bus systems are studied. </LI> <LI> Several single and multi-objective case studies are performed. </LI> <LI> Performances of 3-constraint handling techniques are analyzed. </LI> <LI> Differential evolution (DE) is used as basic search algorithm. </LI> <LI> Results are compared with most recent studies and improvement is observed. </LI> </UL> </P>
Biswas, Partha P.,Mallipeddi, R.,Suganthan, P.N.,Amaratunga, Gehan A.J. Elsevier 2017 Applied soft computing Vol.60 No.-
<P>Both active and reactive power play important roles in power system transmission and distribution networks. While active power does the useful work, reactive power supports the voltage that necessitates control from system reliability aspect as deviation of voltage from nominal range may lead to inadvertent operation and premature failure of system components. Reactive power flow must also be controlled in the system to maximize the amount of real power that can be transferred across the power transmitting media. This paper proposes an approach to simultaneously minimize the real power loss and the net reactive power flow in the system when reinforced with distributed generators (DGs) and shunt capacitors (SCs). With the suggested method, the system performance, reliability and loading capacitycan be increased by reduction of losses. A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is adopted to select optimal sizes and locations of DGs and SCs in large scale distribution networks with objectives being minimizing system real and reactive power losses. MOEA/D is the process of decomposition of a multiobjective optimization problem into a number of scalar optimization subproblems and optimizing those concurrently. Case studies with standard IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus, 119-bus distribution networks and a practical 83-bus distribution network are performed. Output results of MOEA/D method are compared with similar past studies and notable improvement is observed. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
KUMAR, N. KISHORE,BISWAS, PANKAJ,REDDY, B. SESHADRI The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2020 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.38 No.3
The solution of the elliptic partial differential equation has interface singularity at the points which are either the intersections of interfaces or the intersections of interfaces with the boundary of the domain. The singularities that arises in the elliptic interface problems are very complex. In this article we propose an exponentially accurate nonconforming spectral element method for these problems based on [7, 18]. A geometric mesh is used in the neighbourhood of the singularities and the auxiliary map of the form z = ln ξ is introduced to remove the singularities. The method is essentially a least-squares method and the solution can be obtained by solving the normal equations using the preconditioned conjugate gradient method (PCGM) without computing the mass and stiffness matrices. Numerical examples are presented to show the exponential accuracy of the method.