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Yeo, Jun-Seok,Yun, Jin-Mun,Kim, Dong-Yu,Park, Sungjun,Kim, Seok-Soon,Yoon, Myung-Han,Kim, Tae-Wook,Na, Seok-In American Chemical Society 2012 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.4 No.5
<P>In the present study, a novel polar-solvent vapor annealing (PSVA) was used to induce a significant structural rearrangement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films in order to improve their electrical conductivity and work function. The effects of polar-solvent vapor annealing on PEDOT:PSS were systematically compared with those of a conventional solvent additive method (SAM) and investigated in detail by analyzing the changes in conductivity, morphology, top and bottom surface composition, conformational PEDOT chains, and work function. The results confirmed that PSVA induces significant phase separation between excess PSS and PEDOT chains and a spontaneous formation of a highly enriched PSS layer on the top surface of the PEDOT:PSS polymer blend, which in turn leads to better 3-dimensional connections between the conducting PEDOT chains and higher work function. The resultant PSVA-treated PEDOT:PSS anode films exhibited a significantly enhanced conductivity of up to 1057 S cm<SUP>–1</SUP> and a tunable high work function of up to 5.35 eV. The PSVA-treated PEDOT:PSS films were employed as transparent anodes in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs). The cell performances of organic optoelectronic devices with the PSVA-treated PEDOT:PSS anodes were further improved due to the significant vertical phase separation and the self-organized PSS top surface in PSVA-treated PEDOT:PSS films, which can increase the anode conductivity and work function and allow the direct formation of a functional buffer layer between the active layer and the polymeric electrode. The results of the present study will allow better use and understanding of polymeric-blend materials and will further advance the realization of high-performance indium tin oxide (ITO)-free organic electronics.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2012/aamick.2012.4.issue-5/am300231v/production/images/medium/am-2012-00231v_0009.gif'></P>
Short-Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Expression Interference in Trichoplusia ni Cells
( Na Young Kim ),( Jin Young Baek ),( Hong Seok Choi ),( In Sik Chung ),( Sung Ho Shin ),( Jung Ihn Lee ),( Jung Yun Choi ),( Jai Myung Yang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.2
RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming a valuable tool in biological studies, as it allows the selective and transient knockdown of protein expression. The shortinterfering RNAs (siRNAs) transiently silence gene expression. By contrast, the expressed short-hairpin RNAs induce long-term, stable knockdown of their target gene. Trichoplusia ni (T. ni) cells are widely used for mammalian cell-derived glycoprotein expression using the baculovirus system. However, a suitable shRNA expression system has not been developed yet. We investigated the potency of shRNA-mediated gene expression inhibition using human and Drosophila U6 promoters in T. ni cells. Luciferase, EGFP, and β-Nacetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) were employed as targets to investigate knockdown of specific genes in T. ni cells. Introduction of the shRNA expression vector under the control of human U6 or Drosophila U6 promoter into T. ni cells exhibited the reduced level of luciferase, EGFP, and β-Nacetylglucosaminidase compared with that of untransfected cells. The shRNA was expressed and processed to siRNA in our vector-transfected T. ni cells. GlcNAcase mRNA levels were down-regulated in T. ni cells transfected with shRNA vectors-targeted GlcNAcase as compared with the control vector-treated cells. It implied that our shRNA expression vectors using human and Drosophila U6 promoters were applied in T. ni cells for the specific gene knockdown.
Comparison of Sudden Deafness in Adults and Children
Na, Se Young,Kim, Myung Gu,Hong, Seok Min,Chung, Ji Hyun,Kang, Ho Min,Yeo, Seung Geun Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec 2014 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.7 No.3
<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>Although many studies have assessed sudden deafness in adults, sudden deafness has not been evaluated in children. We therefore evaluated the differences in sudden deafness between children and adults.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We compared clinical manifestations, including gender, audiogram pattern of initial hearing loss, and recovery rate after treatment in 87 children and 707 adults diagnosed with sudden deafness from September 2003 and August 2012.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>There were no differences in sex, side, or audiogram between children and adults (<I>P</I>>0.05 each). Hearing recovery rates in children and adults were 72.4% and 70.6%, respectively (<I>P</I>>0.05). Both children and adults with mild hearing loss showed significantly greater hearing recovery rates than individuals with profound hearing loss (<I>P</I><0.05 each). The percentage with initially mild and moderate hearing loss was higher in children than in adults, as were the recovery rates of children compared to adults with initially mild, moderate-severe, and profound hearing loss (<I>P</I><0.05 each). In regard to final hearing outcome after treatment, a low percentage of children showed no improvement whereas a high percentage showed complete recovery; a higher percentage of children than of adults showed complete recovery (<I>P</I><0.05). Recovery rate from profound hearing loss was significantly higher in children than in adults (60.0% vs. 45.4%, <I>P</I><0.05).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Degree of hearing loss, gender, side, and recovery rate were similar in children and adults, but the rate of complete recovery was higher in children.</P>