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Strong Law of Large Numbers for Fuzzy Random Variables in Fuzzy Metric Space
Reza Ghasemi,Mohammad Reza Rabiei,Ahmad Nezakati 한국지능시스템학회 2020 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.20 No.4
Despite uncertainty in fuzzy random variables, crisp metrics have always been used. In this study, we attempt to introduce the concept of fuzzy metric space and fuzzy normed space for fuzzy sets and some of its properties, and we investigate the strong law of large numbers. The embedded theorem for fuzzy compact sets in fuzzy normed space and the generalized Hukuhara difference are the most important tools used to prove this theorem. In addition, as a result and application, we use the strong law of large numbers for fuzzy random variables in the fuzzy metric space for the bootstrap mean.
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Experience of nursing students about the barriers to patient education: a qualitative study in Iran
Mohammad Abbasi,Leili Rabiei,Reza Masoudi 한국의학교육학회 2018 Korean journal of medical education Vol.30 No.4
Purpose: Patient education is a dynamic and continuous process that should be implemented during the entire time of hospital stay and even afterward. Studies have shown the typically poor quality of patient education in Iran and its failure to convey the required knowledge and skills to patients. The purpose of this study was to survey the experience of nursing students in regard to the challenges of patient education in hospitals. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional qualitative content analysis approach on a sample of 21 undergraduate nursing students (4th semester and beyond), which was drawn from the Qom Nursing and Midwifery School through purposive sampling with maximum variation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted over a period of 45 to 75 minutes, and were analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis. Results: Results were derived from the experiences of 21 nursing students (nine males, 12 females) about the research subject. The primary themes identified in the study were the student-related, patient-related, instructor-related, education environment-related, and curriculum-related barriers to patient educations. Conclusion: Participants believed that patient education in Iranian hospitals is faced with many challenges. Nursing instructors and curriculum planners should ensure more emphasis on patient education at the initial semesters of nursing education curriculum and make sure that it is included in the evaluation of students. Hospital officials should provide a dedicated education environment with suitable facilities, tools, and atmosphere for patient education. Also, special education programs need to be developed for less educated patients.
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Leili Rabiei,Ahmad Ali Eslami,Mohammad Abbasi,Seyed Mohammad Afzali,Seyed Masih Hosseini,Reza Masoudi 대한가정의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.41 No.2
Background: Caregivers of hemodialysis patients spend a large amount of time providing care to these patients while tolerating fatigue and stress. This study evaluated a family-centered empowerment program on the care burden and self-efficacy of hemodialysis patient caregivers based on social cognitive theory. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 70 family caregivers of hemodialysis patients in Isfahan, Iran, were selected and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups, in 2015–2016. Two questionnaires were used to collect the family caregivers’ characteristics, care burden, and self-efficacy, and patients’ negative and positive outcomes expectancies. Data were analyzed using SPSS before, immediately after, and 2 months after the intervention. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean scores of care burden, positive outcomes expectancies, negative outcomes expectancies, and self-efficacy between the two groups before the intervention. However, there were significant differences in the post-test and follow-up data analyses (P<0.05). Conclusion: Given the degenerative nature of chronic kidney disease, it can be considered as a source of long-term and chronic stress for caregivers. Therefore, by implementing an empowerment program, caregiving behaviors can be improved, positive outcomes expectancies can be increased, and negative outcomes expectancies can be reduced.
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