Ionizing irradiation to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a quarantine treatment

Miyeon Jang,Junheon Kim,Sin Ae Jang,Jeongmin Kim,Yeon Jeong Lee,Eunsik Shin,Chung Gyoo Park 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Rapid growth in trade of agricultural products has increased the risk of introduction of exotic pests into new area. In order to fulfill quarantine obligations, several treatments are in practice: fumigation with methyl bromide (MB), application of extreme temperatures, controlled atmospheres, and combinations of them. Although MB was most effective and widely applied for quarantine treatment, its use was banned by the Montreal Protocol. Ionizing irradiation phytosanitary treatments – gamma radiation, electron beam, and X-ray are being used as an alternative to MB currently. For applying ionizing irradiation as a quarantine treatment, there is a research protocol which should be followed, International Standards for Phytosanitary Measure 18 [ISPM #18] and Phytosanitary Treatment Regulation of Korea (Notice 2014-35). We have evaluated the effect of gamma radiation, electron beam, and X-ray on H. armigera as quarantine treatments. In this presentation, ISPM #18 and Notice 2014-35 will be talked with the example of H. armigera.

Reproductive Inhibition Induced by Gamma Ray Radiation on Helicoverpa armigera Adults (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Miyeon Jang,Junheon Kim,Yoon-A Joo,Sin Ae Jang,Chung Gyoo Park 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

Helicoverpa armigera is a serious polyphagous pest inflicting losses to various kinds of food crops. Among dis-infestation methods, methyl bromide (MeBr) has been widely used in quarantine treatments. However, after regulation as ozone depleting substance, MeBr is restricted in use. Phytosanitary irradiation has been suggested as an useful alternative to MeBr. In this study, H. armigera adults were irradiated with 400 Gy which was decided as a critical dose to the adults by the preliminary experiments. The irradiated females and males were mated reciprocally with fresh ones. Some of the both sexes were subjected to comet assay to determine the degree of DNA damage by gamma ray irradiation. There was no significant difference in fecundity among mates. However the irradiation significantly affected hatchability of F1 eggs. No F1 eggs hatched in the mate of treated female (TF) x treated male (TM). Hatchability of F1 eggs from TF x UM (untreated male) and UF x TM mates were 0.3% and 1.1%, respectively. A few larvae from UF x TM mate developed up to adults. Comet assay indicated that gamma-ray irradiation is efficient in damaging male's DNA than female's which may be the cause of dramatic decrease in F1 hatchability.

Attraction of Athetis dissimilis to the pheromone components of Euzophera batangensis

Jeongmin Kim,Junheon Kim,Sin Ae Jang,Miyeon Jang,Yeon Jeong Lee,Young Sik Cho,Bong Kyu Byun,Chung Gyoo Park 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Athetis dissimilis (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) [뒷흰날개담색밤나방] was attracted to pheromone traps for Euzophera batangesis (Lepidoprera Pyrimidae) [밤알락명나방], when occurrence of E. batangesis was monitored in sweet persimmon orchard with its pheromone, (Z)-9-tetradecenol (Z9-14OH), (Z9,E12)-9,12-teradecadienol (Z9,E12-14OH) and their mixture. With the components, we monitored the seasonal occurrence of A. dissimilis, tested response of the moth to single or mixed components, and compared efficacy of three different types of traps. A. dissimilis was trapped on May 14 for the first time. First occurrence peak was observed during June 4-24 and second peak during August 20 – September 10. A. dissimilis was attracted to single component of Z9-14OH and Z9,E12-14OH and to their mixture at Jinju, Sancheong, and Sacheon. In trap efficacy tests, delta traps with white color caught most number of the moths significantly at Sacheon. However, at Sancheong, there was no statistical difference among the traps, although funnel trap caught most number of A. dissimilis. Pest status of A. dissimilis is not known eg. whether it is a pest of persimmon or other fruits. However, with Z9-14OH, E9,E12-14OH and their mixture, it is expected to be monitored and controlled.

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Developmental Stages of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Junheon Kim,Soon-Oh Jung,Sin Ae Jang,Miyeon Jang,Chung Gyoo Park 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an economically important and polyphagous pest, which harms various kinds of ornamental plants and flowers. The effects of electron beam irradiation of six level between 50 and 350 Gy on egg (24-48 h old), larval (4th-5th instar), and pupal (7-d old for female, 5-d old for male) development and on adult (1-d old) reproduction in H. armigera were tested to identify a potential quarantine treatment dose. Increased doses of irradiation on eggs decreased egg hatchability, pupation and adult emergence and increased period of larvae. ED99 values for inhibition of hatching, pupation and emergence were 460.6, 236.9 and 197.8 Gy, respectively. When larvae were electron-beam irradiation treated ,at 280 Gy and above, no pupa was observed. ED99 values for inhibition of pupation and emergence were 265.6 and 189.6 Gy, respectively. Electron beam radiation on pupa did not completely inhibit adult emergence. ED99 value for inhibition of emergence was 1241.9 Gy. When adults were irradiated, fecundity was not affected. However, F1 egg hatching was completely inhibited at the dose of 350 Gy. ED99 value for inhibition of emergence was estimated at 366.5 Gy. Our results suggest that electron beam irradiation could be recommendable as alternative to MB and as a phytosanitary treatment for quarantine. The dose of 211 Gy is suggested as a potential quarantine treatment dose for H. armigera egg and larva.

Fumigant and Contact Toxicity of Plant Essential Oils against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera : Drosophilidae)

Miyeon Jang,Junheon Kim,Eunsik Shin,Chung Gyoo Park 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

Essential oils from 22 plant species were tested for their insecticidal activities against spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, using fumigation and contact bioassay. Responses varied with the essential oils, their constituents and concentrations. Strong fumigation activities were observed from the essential oils of wintergreen (Gaultheria fragrantissima), croton (Croton anisatum) and star anise (Illicium verum). Strong contact activities were observed in the essential oils of oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis), cassia (Cinnamomum cassia), damask rose (Rosa damascena) and sandalwood (Santalum album). The compositions of these selected essential oils were identified using gas chromatographymass spectrophotometer. The compounds identified were tested individually for their insecticidal activities against SWD. Responses varied by doses for each compound. The results showed that natural materials are as effective as synthetic pesticides.

Insecticidal and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of Lamiaceae plant essential oils and their major components against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Miyeon Jang,Junheon Kim,Eunsik Shin,Kyungjae Andrew Yoon,Chung Gyoo Park 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

Twelve Lamiaceae plant essential oils (EOs) and their components were evaluated for their fumigant and contact toxicities. Inhibition of AChE by the major components of active EOs was also assessed. Strong fumigant toxicity was observed from EOs of Mentha piperita and Perilla frutescens. Menthone and menthol, and perilla aldehyde were identified as major components of the above two EOs, respectively. The LC50 (mg/L) values of M. piperita, P. frutescens, menthone, menthol and perilla aldehyde were 3.87, 2.44, 5.76, 1.88, and 0.99 against male, and 4.10, 3.31, 5.13, 1.94, and 1.15 against female, respectively. Strong contact toxicity was observed from the EOs of Satureja montana and Thymus zygis. Thymol and carvacrol were major components of these two EOs. The LD50 (μg/fly) values for contact toxicity of S. montana, T. zygis, thymol and carvacrol were 2.95, 2.93, 1.63, and 1.30 for male, and 4.59, 5.09, 2.68, and 2.60 for female, respectively. Among the five major components, perilla aldehyde showed most active inhibition activity against AChE of both sexes of SWD.

Evaluation of Hazardous Chemicals with Material Safety Data Sheet and By-products of a Photoresist Used in the Semiconductor-Manufacturing Industry

Jang, Miyeon,Yoon, Chungsik,Park, Jihoon,Kwon, Ohhun Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.1

Background: The photolithography process in the semiconductor industry uses various chemicals with little information on their constitution. This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents of photoresist (PR) products and their by-products and to compare these constituents with material safety data sheets (MSDSs) and analytical results. Methods: A total of 51 PRs with 48 MSDSs were collected. Analysis consisted of two parts: First, the constituents of the chemical products were identified and analyzed using MSDS data; second, for verification of the by-products of PR, volatile organic compounds were analyzed. The chemical constituents were categorized according to hazards. Results: Forty-five of 48 products contained trade secrets in amounts ranging from 1 to 65%. A total of 238 ingredients with multiple counting (35 ingredients without multiple counting) were identified in the MSDS data, and 48.7% of ingredients were labeled as trade secrets under the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Act. The concordance rate between the MSDS data and the analytical result was 41.7%. The by-product analysis identified 129 chemicals classified according to Chemical Abstracts Service No., with 17 chemicals that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic substances. Formaldehyde was found to be released from 12 of 21 products that use novolak resin. Conclusion: We confirmed that several PRs contain carcinogens, and some were not specified in the toxicological information in the MSDS. Hazardous chemicals, including benzene and formaldehyde, are released from PRs products as by-products. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a systematic management system for chemical compounds and the working environment.

Biological activity of Myrtaceae plant essential oils and their major components against <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Jang, Miyeon,Kim, Junheon,Yoon, Kyungjae Andrew,Lee, Si Hyeock,Park, Chung Gyoo John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2017 Pest Management Science Vol.73 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>The spotted‐wing drosophila (SWD), <I>Drosophila suzukii</I> (Matsumura), is a globally invasive and serious pest of numerous soft‐skinned fruit crops. Assessments were made of fumigant and contact toxicities of 12 Myrtaceae plant essential oils (EOs) and their components. For determining the mode of action of major components of active EOs, their activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Glutathione <I>S</I>‐transferase (GST) were also assessed.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>Strong fumigant and contact toxicities were observed from EOs of <I>Eucalyptus citriodora</I> and <I>Melaleuca teretifolia</I>. The main components of <I>E</I>. <I>citriodora</I> were citronellal and isopulegol, whereas those of <I>M. teretifolia</I> were neral and geranial. Geranial showed the strongest fumigant activity, followed by citronellal or neral, <I>M. teretifolia</I> EO, isopulegol and <I>E</I>. <I>citriodora</I> EO. In contact toxicity assays, geranial also exhibited the strongest insecticidal activity, followed by neral or <I>M. teretifolia</I> EO, citronellol, citronellal, isopulegol and <I>E</I>. <I>citriodora</I> EO. Among the major components, all compounds showed low AChE inhibitory activity, while neral and geranial showed GST inhibitory activity against SWD.</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>Myrtaceae plant EOs and their components have an excellent potential for being used in the control of SWD adults and could be useful in the development of more effective natural compounds as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Insecticidal and enzyme inhibition activities of sparassol and its analogs against Drosophila suzukii

Miyeon Jang,Eunsik Shin,Junheon Kim,Kyoung-Tae Lee,Kyungjae Andrew Yoon,Chung Gyoo Park 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

Drosophila suzukii is an economically important pest of fruit in America and Europe as well as in Asia. Sparassol (1) and methyl orsellinate (2) are produced by Sparassis cripta and S. latifolia during culture. Fumigant and contact toxicities of synthetic sparassol (1) methyl orsellinate (2) and methyl 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzoate (DMB; 3) were investigated. The possible mode of action of the compounds was pursued by assessing their inhibition activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Little or no fumigant activity was observed from tested compounds. In contact toxicity activity, LD50 (μg/fly) values are 5.29, 1.18, 0.02 for male, and 11.14, 2.27, 0.05 for female, respectively. In enzyme inhibition assay, DMB (3) which easily synthesized from sparassol could be an alternative agent for controlling insect pest. In addition, Sparassis species could be an industrial resource of sparassol.

Naess의 ‘생태적 자아’ 개념이 유아교사의 가치관 함양에 미치는 함의

장미연 ( Miyeon Jang ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2020 인문사회 21 Vol.11 No.6

본 연구에서는 Naess의 ‘생태적 자아’의 개념이 유아교사의 가치관 함양에 어떠한 함의를 제공하는지에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 Naess의 근본생태주의 이론과 유아교사, 생태교육과 관련된 문헌과 선행연구를 바탕으로 질적분석을 통한 문헌연구방법을 연구방법으로 활용하였다. 본 연구에서 살펴보았던 함의를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다양한 공동체 안에서 관계 맺으며 살아가는 유아교사가 되어가야 한다. 둘째, 자연의 이치와 본성에 따라 살아가는 유아교사가 되어가야 한다. 셋째, 소크라테스적 문답법을 통해 끊임없이 성찰하며 살아가는 유아교사가 되어가야 한다. 넷째, 생태적 소양을 갖춘 유아교사가 되어가야 한다. 본 연구를 통해 현대사회를 살아가는 유아교사의 교육관에 긍정적이고 미래지향적인 방향을 마련하는데 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다. This study aims to examine the implication of the concept of the “ecological self” in Naess’s deep ecology, to the cultivation of values for preschool teachers. To this end, the literature research method through qualitative analysis was used as a research method based on Naess’s theory of deep ecology, early childhood teachers, and literature related to ecological education and prior research. The implications examined in this study are as follows. First, we must become a preschool teacher who lives in relationships within various communities. Second, we must become a preschool teacher who lives according to the nature and reason of nature. Third, we must become a preschool teacher who constantly reflects and lives through Socratic Q&A. Fourth, we must become a preschool teacher with ecological literacy. It is believed that this study will help to prepare a positive and future-oriented direction for the educational outlook of preschool teachers living in modern society.