Effect of Soil Type and Bulk Density on the Stem and Root Lodging Resistance of Wheat

Nyaz Sulaiman,Mitch Crook 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Optical Investigations of Non-polar m-plane InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells Grown on LiAlO2 (100) by Using MOVPE

D. R. Hang,Mitch M. C. Chou,J. L. Lin,M. Heuken 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.1

We investigate the optical properties of m-plane InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on LiAlO2 substrates by using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Polarizationdependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been employed to study the optical emission characteristics. We demonstrate that the PL emission has a large polarization anisotropy, which can be attributed to the anisotropic in-plane strain. The degree of polarization is studied as a function of temperature, and the dependence can be explained by using the modified band structure model. The energy splitting of the two uppermost valence bands is obtained from polarized PL spectroscopy and is in good agreement with the activation energy deduced from the Arrhenius relationship. From the excitation-dependent PL measurements, we found the optical emission not to be influenced by the polarization-induced electric field. Our results are important for the design and the fabrication of non-polar InGaN/GaN MQW polarization-sensitive optical devices We investigate the optical properties of m-plane InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on LiAlO2 substrates by using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Polarizationdependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been employed to study the optical emission characteristics. We demonstrate that the PL emission has a large polarization anisotropy, which can be attributed to the anisotropic in-plane strain. The degree of polarization is studied as a function of temperature, and the dependence can be explained by using the modified band structure model. The energy splitting of the two uppermost valence bands is obtained from polarized PL spectroscopy and is in good agreement with the activation energy deduced from the Arrhenius relationship. From the excitation-dependent PL measurements, we found the optical emission not to be influenced by the polarization-induced electric field. Our results are important for the design and the fabrication of non-polar InGaN/GaN MQW polarization-sensitive optical devices

Molecular Recognition Enables Nanosubstrate-Mediated Delivery of Gene-Encapsulated Nanoparticles with High Efficiency

Peng, Jinliang,Garcia, Mitch André,Choi, Jin-sil,Zhao, Libo,Chen, Kuan-Ju,Bernstein, James R.,Peyda, Parham,Hsiao, Yu-Sheng,Liu, Katherine W.,Lin, Wei-Yu,Pyle, April D.,Wang, Hao,Hou, Shuang,Tse American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.5

<P/><P>Substrate-mediated gene delivery is a promising method due to its unique ability to preconcentrate exogenous genes onto designated substrates. However, many challenges remain to enable continuous and multiround delivery of the gene using the same substrates without depositing payloads and immobilizing cells in each round of delivery. Herein we introduce a gene delivery system, nanosubstrate-mediated delivery (NSMD) platform, based on two functional components with nanoscale features, including (1) DNA⊂SNPs, supramolecular nanoparticle (SNP) vectors for gene encapsulation, and (2) Ad-SiNWS, adamantane (Ad)-grafted silicon nanowire substrates. The multivalent molecular recognition between the Ad motifs on Ad-SiNWS and the β-cyclodextrin (CD) motifs on DNA⊂SNPs leads to dynamic assembly and local enrichment of DNA⊂SNPs from the surrounding medium onto Ad-SiNWS. Subsequently, once cells settled on the substrate, DNA⊂SNPs enriched on Ad-SiNWS were introduced through the cell membranes by intimate contact with individual nanowires on Ad-SiNWS, resulting in a highly efficient delivery of exogenous genes. Most importantly, sequential delivery of multiple batches of exogenous genes on the same batch cells settled on Ad-SiNWS was realized by sequential additions of the corresponding DNA⊂SNPs with equivalent efficiency. Moreover, using the NSMD platform <I>in vivo</I>, cells recruited on subcutaneously transplanted Ad-SiNWS were also efficiently transfected with exogenous genes loaded into SNPs, validating the <I>in vivo</I> feasibility of this system. We believe that this nanosubstrate-mediated delivery platform will provide a superior system for <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> gene delivery and can be further used for the encapsulation and delivery of other biomolecules.</P>

Development of Fast Prototyping Pneumatic Actuated Grippers

Nolan Jackson,Paul Chastain,Mitch Crowther,Minchul Shin 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.12

The goal of this paper is to develop biologically inspired soft robotic hands by using cheap commercial materials. Through finite elemental analysis and material testing, this paper shows effectiveness of a soft pneumatic finger for gripping and lifting. Using ANSYS simulations, the designs were analyzed in pressures, 0.0035 MPa and 0.007 MPa. This low pressure could output high deformations of the actuators. A single finger was able to withstand 25.3 N before failure, while being able to lift 15.3 g by itself under a low voltage air pump. When combing into a claw like gripper of four fingers it was able to lift roughly 8 times that of a single finger, around 130 g. This demonstration of a functional low-cost bio-inspired pneumatic finger showcases the potential for everyday use where a delicate touch is needed. Also, the high dexterity makes it a good design for use in manufacturing or medical areas.

Study on Channel Current Variation and Bias Stress Behavior of Fabricated a-Si:H TFTs with Wavy-Edge Source/Drain Electrodes

정재욱,정승준,백승호,Lee Tutt,Mitch Burburry,홍용택 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.1

We report the channel current variation and the bias stress behavior of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs) that have wavy-edge source/drain (S/D) electrodes. Edge waviness of electrodes can be often observed in printed narrow lines. Wavy edges of the S/D electrodes were intentionally patterned by using photolithography to implement edge waviness of the printed electrodes. Based on the measured data, we found that the peak-to-peak magnitude of the S/D wavy edge was large and that the period of the wavy patterns and the phase-shift between the S/D wavy patterns had small effects on TFT channel current variation. If a channel current variation of less than 10 % is to be guaranteed, the peak-to-peak magnitude of the S/D wavy edge need to be lower than 1 - 2 and 3 μm for TFTs with channel lengths of 4 and 9 μm, respectively. We also performed a bias stress test at room temperature for a set of TFTs having dierent peak-to-peak magnitudes in the S/D wavy edges. Both constant voltage (linear region operation) and constant current (saturation region operation) stress conditions were used. The threshold voltage was more shifted for TFTs with larger peak-to-peak magnitude in the S/D wavy edges when TFTs were stressed in the constant current mode while almost the same amount of threshold voltage was shifted for TFTs having various peak-to-peak magnitudes when they were stressed in the constant voltage mode. The threshold voltage shift behavior was modeled with a power-law relationship and was explained by a non-uniform current distribution in the channel area and by an increase of effective stress eld for the constant current stress mode.

Can We Establish Consumer Cultural Positioning Through Print Advertising in the Developing Markets? A Content Analysis of Advertising in Chinese Women’s Magazines

Dong-xin Li,이동일,이용기,Mitch Griffin 서울대학교 경영연구소 2011 Seoul Journal of Business Vol.17 No.1

This paper conducts a content analysis of a total of 480 advertisements from three popular Chinese women’s magazines—Rayli, Fashion Cosmo,and Bazaar—to assess the Consumer Cultural Positioning (CCP) of the ads. The results show that Global CCP is more commonly utilized for brand positioning strategies than Foreign CCP or Local CCP. Five elements of the advertisements—the language used for brand name, the pronunciation of brand name, the intended meaning rooted in original foreign country for brand name, the product’s appearance of either utilitarian or symbolic, and a modern or westernized advertising appeal for brand positioning—are found to be indeed differentially related to GCCP and FCCP compared to LCCP.

Microwave Sounder Cloud Detection Using a Collocated High-Resolution Imager and Its Impact on Radiance Assimilation in Tropical Cyclone Forecasts

Han, Hyojin,Li, Jun,Goldberg, Mitch,Wang, Pei,Li, Jinlong,Li, Zhenglong,Sohn, B.-J.,Li, Juan AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016 Monthly weather review Vol.144 No.10

<P>Accurate cloud detection is one of the most important factors in satellite data assimilation due to the uncertainties associated with cloud properties and their impacts on satellite-simulated radiances. To enhance the accuracy of cloud detection and improve radiance assimilation for tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts, measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) on board the Aqua satellite and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) are collocated with high spatial resolution cloud products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board Aqua and the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi-National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite. The cloud-screened microwave radiance measurements are assimilated for Hurricane Sandy (2012) and Typhoon Haiyan (2013) forecasts using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR)-based Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system. Experiments are carried out to determine the optimal thresholds of cloud fraction (CF) for minimizing track and intensity forecast errors. The results indicate that the use of high spatial resolution cloud products can improve the accuracy of TC forecasts by better eliminating cloud-contaminated microwave sounder field-of-views (FOVs). In conclusion, the combination of advanced microwave sounders and collocated high spatial resolution imagers is able to improve the radiance assimilation and TC forecasts. The methodology used in this study can be applied to process data from other pairs of microwave sounders and imagers on board the same platform.</P>

The geometry of quantum learning

Hunziker, Markus,Meyer, David A.,Park, Jihun,Pommersheim, James,Rothstein, Mitch Springer-Verlag 2010 QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING Vol.9 No.3

Chlorotyrosines versus Volatile Byproducts from Chlorine Disinfection during Washing of Spinach and Lettuce

Komaki, Yukako,Simpson, Adam M.-A.,Choe, Jong Kwon,Plewa, Michael J.,Mitch, William A. American Chemical Society 2018 Environmental science & technology Vol.52 No.16

<P>Following the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011 in the U.S., guidelines for disinfection washes in food packaging facilities are under consideration to control pathogen risks. However, disinfectant exposures may need optimization because the high concentrations of chlorine disinfectant promote the formation of high levels of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). When chlorine doses up through the 200 mg/L as Cl<SUB>2</SUB> range relevant to the current practice were applied to spinach and lettuce, significant DBP formation was observed, even within 5 min at 7 °C. Concentrations of volatile chlorinated DBPs in washwater were far higher than typically observed in disinfected drinking water (e.g., 350 μg/L 1,1-dichloropropanone). However, these DBPs partitioned to the aqueous phase and so represent a greater concern for the disposal or reuse of washwater than for consumer exposure via food. The volatile DBPs represent the low-yield, final products of chlorination reactions with multiple biomolecular precursors. The initial, high-yield transformation products of such reactions may represent a greater concern for consumer exposure because they remain bound within the biopolymers in food and would be liberated during digestion. Using protein-bound tyrosine as an example precursor, the concentrations of the initial 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine transformation products from this one precursor in the leaf phase were comparable to, and, in the case of some lettuces, exceeded, the aggregate aqueous concentration of volatile DBPs formed from multiple precursors. Chlorotyrosine formation increased when spinach was shredded due to the greater accessibility of chlorine to proteins in the leaf interiors. The cytotoxicity of chlorotyrosines to Chinese hamster ovary cells was higher than any of the trihalomethanes regulated in drinking water.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Comparative Study on the IMC Level of TV and Print Ads between Korea and China

Dong-xin Li,Dong Il Lee,Yong-Ki Lee,Mitch Griffin 한국마케팅과학회 2011 마케팅과학연구 Vol.21 No.1

?覆??大??播媒?的新?媒技?的?展??成??告?的?向?。??致以下情?的出?:多?化的媒?行止、用??料?的?展、多?用?需求?口味、客?希望?拓合算而且有效的??策?,以便迅速???化的市??境(金姆.翰.舒?茨,2003)。?肯?言整合???播?念已?深入??者的思想之中。在金姆.翰.舒?茨看?,如果市??境合适,整合???播是可接受?且可行的。?果,在???播?域,整合???播(IMC)是被?泛?用的??策略之一。?多?者用不同方法?定和??了影?整合???播?念的因素。 本次硏究??了中????告、?志?告整合???播的水平,主要包括以下???境因素:市?未成熟因素,?品投入因素。利用?2007年5月到2009年5月在中???共同收集的120?例子(60????告,60?平面?告),?行一??比硏究。 硏究?果表明,在集中程度和多?性方面:??的整合???播水平要?着高于中?,高投入?品的整合???播水平要高于低投入?品。在??,高投入?品的整合???播水平要比低投入?品的更??;在三??定的中?用例中,高投入?品的交王作用?低投入?品的?有??。部分?果表明,?家???境和?品投入有着相互的作用?影?。硏究?果充分?明,在??市????行整合???播???略方向有助于市?供?。 本次硏究?示整合???播操作和部署的方法以及?展方向,因各?的社?文化和???境而?。特?是由于市?成熟度、???展水平以及?本主?社?的??,在?前??具有更高的整合???播水平。相反,由于是一?更具社?主?性?的?家,中?的整合???播的?展水平上有所差?。而且,由于中?是一?在?土面?以及文化??都?超??的?家-中?有多?不同的?言、文化以及地理分布,整合???播也?不是那?太适合中?。?于?????有必要?各?社?在文化的社?制度上的差?、客?和代理的企?文化、目?消?者的文化?行硏究,使我?能??影?整合???播?展的因素?行准?分?。 本硏究的理?。首先,?果?示??已?成功度?整合???播?展的第二??段,?且?在?于通信技??用?第三?段。相比?而言,中???在市??通?略???第一??段,以及重新定????播范??第二?段。一?在中?最大的?告商(中????告公司)工作的管理人?,表示有?多因素影?整合???播在中?的?展。其中三?比?重要的因素是:中?的?告公司在?施整合???播??有考?到中?特殊的文化价?、特殊的中?媒? The development of new media technologies that have weakened the power of traditional mass media as an advertising channel. This has led to a diversified media sector and the development of consumer databases, widely varying consumers’ needs and tastes, and clients’ desires to develop cost-efficient and effective marketing strategies that quickly respond to the changing marketing environment (Kim, Han, and Schultz, 2003). Duncan (2005) declares that it’s hard to find an agency or client marketing executive who doesn’t believe in the IMC concept. In the view of Kim, Han, and Schultz (2003), IMC is acceptable and practicable if the market circumstances are suitable. As a result, Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is one of the most widely used concepts in the marketing communications field. Many scholars have identified and assessed the factors that influence the emergence of IMC in several ways. This study assesses the IMC level of television and magazine advertisements in Korea and China, compares and contrasts these two environments, and tests the market immaturity effect and product involvement effect on the level of IMC across these contexts. By utilizing 120 pairs of ad samples (60 television ads and 60 corresponding print advertisements) collected in both China and Korea between May 2007 and May 2009, a comparative study has been conducted. The findings suggest that the IMC level in Korea is significantly higher than that in China in terms of intensity and/or variety, the IMC level of ads for high-involvement products is higher than that for low-involvement products in terms of intensity and/or variety, the IMC level for high-involvement products is more positive than that for low-involvement in Korea, and the interaction for high-involvement shows no difference from that of for low-involvement in three of the given dimensions in China in terms of intensity and/or variety. Finally, the results partially show there is an interaction effect between country and product involvement. The results should prove helpful in providing marketers with strategic direction on implementing IMC in international markets as follows. This research shows the methods of IMC operation and deployment, as well as the developmental paths, differ based on socio-cultural and economic factors of certain societies. Specifically, due to differing levels of market maturity, economic development, and its capitalist society, Korea has a higher level of IMC currently deployed. Conversely, since China is a more socialist society, a different development level of IMC exists. Moreover, as China is a much larger and more diverse country - within its border are different languages, cultures, and geographic dispersions - than Korea, IMC may be less appropriate. To learn more about this issue, it will likely be necessary to conduct research including both cultural and institutional differences in each society, the corporate cultures of the client and the agency, as well as the target consumer cultures, to be able to accurately categorize those factors that affect the development level of IMC. The current study also has theoretical implications. First, the empirical results suggest that Korea has successfully passed the second stage of IMC development and is currently in the third stage for application of information technology. In contrast, China is still in stage 1 for tactical coordination of market communications and stage 2 for redefining the scope of marketing communications. A manager working in the largest advertising agency in China, China-Guangdong Advertising Agency, states several factors are influencing the development of IMC in China. The three more important factors are the implementation of IMC by Chinese advertising agencies without considering the special cultural values of China, the special characteristics of Chinese media, and the immature consumer market (Xin, 2004).