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Mediating Effect of Executive Function on Memory in Normal Aging Adults
MinJae Kim,JunSoo Kwon,MinSup Shin 대한신경정신의학회 2013 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.10 No.2
Objective-We hypothesize that the effect of aging on memory is mediated by executive function. Methods-Two hundred and thirty healthy adults (101 male, 129 female) were recruited for the study. We used a promising, newly developed, computerized neuropsychological test for the measurement of executive function and memory. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and path analysis. Results-The full mediation model showed a good fit to the data. However, chi-squared (χ2) tests for model comparison indicated that the partial mediation model better fits our data. Thus, the partial mediation model was used as the final model. In terms of auditory-verbal memory, the effect of aging on memory was fully mediated by executive function. However, visuo-spatial memory was significantly affected both indirectly (through executive function) and directly (by aging). Gender differences were not significant in this model. Conclusion-This study demonstrated the importance of executive function in the memory functioning of normal aging adults. It is noteworthy that modality differences were found between auditory-verbal and visuo-spatial memory. Aging is not the only factor that drives memory decline, and its direct, adverse effect on memory was more prominent in the visuo-spatial memory task than auditoryverbal memory task. Since performance in both modalities is fully or partially mediated by executive function, it is important to train normal aging adults in executive control skills, such as planning, strategy formation, and rapid decision making.
BoongNyun Kim,JunWon Hwang,MinSup Shin,Kang E Hong,Soo Churl Cho 대한신경정신의학회 2005 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.2 No.2
This study was conducted to investigate the association of the Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) polymorphism with Tourette’s disorder (TD) in a Korean sample of families with TD probands. The relationship between the risk alleles and specific clinical features (tic severity, comorbidity, drug response) was also explored. Patients were recruited from the Tic Disorder clinic at the Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Division of Seoul National University Hospital and assessed through a 2 stage evaluation. Firstly, all of the patients and parents underwent a semistructured interview using the Korean version of the Kiddie-Schedule for Affeetive Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age children, Present and Life time Version (K-SADSPL). Secondly, all of the patients underwent a clinical interview and tic severity assessment with the Korean version of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). The subjects in the control group were recruited from the health promotion center of our hospital and were evaluated by means of the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV). Through this process, a total of 42 children and adolescents with TD, their 84 parents and 86 control subjects were finally recruited. Genotyping for the Val158Met polymorphism of the COMT gene was done by a standardized method. After the collection of the genetic data of all of the patients, parents and control subjects, a casecontrol comparison and transmission dysequilibrium test were performed using SPSS version 11. Based on the case-control comparison, the frequencies of the Lallele and LL genotype were significantly higher in the TD group. However, no differences were found in the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). No significant differences were found in the family history of tic, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), drug response or comorbid conditions among the TD patients with the three different genotypes. Although the results of this study should be interpreted cautiously, due to the small sample size and negative finding in the TDT test, this is the first report of a positive association between the functional polymorphism of the COMT gene and TD.
SoonAe Kim,BoongNyun Kim,JaeWon Kim,MinSup Shin,TaeWon Park,JungWoo Son,UnSun Chung,Mira Park 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.6
In this study, we evaluated the association between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5’ region of the semaphorin 5A gene (SEMA5A) for 250 Korean trios including children with ASDs. Family-based association testing and haplotype analysis revealed a statistically significant association between rs194085 and multiple sociality traits with Korean ASDs in the dominant model (p<0.001, corrected p=0.035). This indicates that genetic variations in the 5’ region of SEMA5A play a role in the genetic predisposition to sociality traits in Korean ASDs.
HeeSun Kim,YongMin An,JunSoo Kwon,MinSup Shin 대한신경정신의학회 2014 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.11 No.4
Objective-Although the executive function subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) have been used to assess cognitive function in diverse psychiatric illnesses, few studies have verified the validity of this battery for Korean psychiatric patients. Therefore, this preliminary study evaluated the construct and concurrent validity of the executive function subtests of the CANTAB for Korean psychiatric patients by comparing it with subtests of the Computerized Neuropsychological Test (CNT). Methods-Three subtests of the CANTAB and three subtests of the CNT were administered to 36 patients diagnosed with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Subtests of the CANTAB included the Intra/Extra-Dimensional Set Shift (IED), Stockings of Cambridge (SOC), and Spatial Working Memory (SWM). Differences between groups on each subtest as well as correlations between the subtests of the CANTAB and the CNT were assessed. Results-The schizophrenia group performed significantly more poorly on the IED and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) compared with the bipolar disorder group. Additionally, correlation analyses revealed a significant correlation between the IED and the WCST; a positive correlation between the SOC and the Trail Making Test, Part B and the Stroop test; and a significant correlation between the SWM and the Stroop test. Conclusion-This study verified the construct and concurrent validity of the executive function subtests of the CANTAB for Korean psychiatric patients and suggests that the subtests of this battery would be useful and appropriate for assessing deficits in executive function in Korean clinical settings.
MyungHun Jung,JoonHwan Jang,DoHyung Kang,JungSeok Choi,NaYoung Shin,HeeSun Kim,SukKyoon An,MinSup Shin,JunSoo Kwon 대한신경정신의학회 2010 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.7 No.4
Objective-The Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndrome (SIPS) from Yale University is intended to diagnose prodromal syndrome of psychosis and to measure the severity of prodromal symptoms. Here, a Korean version of SIPS is presented, and its reliability, validity, and factor structures are examined using a representative Korean sample. Methods-The Korean version of SIPS was administered to 40 participants over a period of 1 year. The inter-rater reliability and internal consistency of the SIPS were then evaluated. In addition, its factor structure was investigated using principal-axis factor analysis. Concurrent validity was explored using Pearson correlation coefficients with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results-Of the 40 subjects, 12.5% developed psychotic disorders during the 1-year follow-up period. Inter-rater reliability was good (intra-class correlations=0.96), and internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha=0.83). A three-factor resolution displayed the best simple structure and accounted for 52.6% of all item variance. Factors 1 and 2 showed strong correlations with negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction, respectively, on the PANSS. Factor 3 was not correlated with any factor on the PANSS. Conclusion-The Korean version of SIPS is a reliable instrument for the assessment of prodromal symptoms in subjects and may be used to evaluate prodromal psychosis.