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The Quality of Modified Atmosphere Packaged Meat from Lambs Slaughtered at 50 and 100 Days of Age
Tanski, Zenon,Stanislaw, Milewski,Bozena, Zaleska Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.3
The aim of this study was to determine the quality of modified atmosphere (MA) packaged meat from Pomeranian rams slaughtered at 50 and 100 days of age. Determined: chemical composition, physicochemical and sensory properties of meat, and the fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat. Meat from 100-d-old lambs was characterized by a significantly higher content of dry matter, total protein and crude fat, a darker color and higher physiological maturity ($p\leq0.01$). Meat from younger lambs was marked by a better water-holding capacity ($p\leq0.05$), a lower energy value and higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). An increase in the content of dry matter, total protein and ash, and energy value was noted in MA-stored meat. Meat pH decreased over MA storage and the sensory properties deteriorated. The studied meat remained safe from microbial contamination during storage.
Weld pool flows during initial stages of keyhole formation in laser welding
Cho, Jung-Ho,Farson, Dave F,Milewski, John O,Hollis, Kendall J Institute of Physics [etc.] 2009 Journal of physics. D, applied physics Vol.42 No.17
<P>Weld pool transport phenomena during the transition from conduction-mode laser spot welding to keyhole laser spot welding of titanium were studied by numerical simulation. A range of laser powers were simulated and temperature dependent evaporation recoil pressure and cooling were applied as boundary conditions on the weld pool surface. Simulation results predicted a complex time-varying flow pattern during weld pool development. The surface-normal flow at the weld pool centre oscillated between upwards and downwards during the simulation time due to interaction of competing effects of evaporation recoil and surface tension pressures and laser heating and evaporation cooling. The results show that the laser weld pool flow dynamics play a key role during the transition from conduction-mode laser welding to keyhole welding.</P>
On weakly nonlinear gravity-capillary solitary waves
Boguk KIM,Frederic DIAS,Paul A. Milewski 한국산업응용수학회 2010 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
As a weakly nonlinear model equations system for gravity-capillary solitary waves on the sur-face of a potential flow, a cubic-order truncation model is presented, which is derived from the Taylor series expansion of the Dirichlet-Neumann operator (DNO) for the free boundary conditions of the Euler equations in terms of Zakharov’s canonical variables. In deep water, the cubic-order truncation model allows gravity-capillary solitary wavepackets in the weakly nonlinear and narrow bandwidth regime where the classical nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation governs. Since this model is consistent to the original full Euler equations in the order of nonlinearity up to the third order, the properties of the gravity-capillary solitary waves of this model precisely agree with the counterparts of the Euler equations. From this cubic order truncation model, the leading-order initial long-wave transverse instability growth rate of the gravity-capillary solitary waves is estimated to be identical, in the weakly nonlinear limit, to the earlier result derived from the Euler equations, through an equivalent perturbation procedure. Based on these analytical and numerical observations, the cubic-order truncation model equations system is regarded as the optimal reduced model for the dynamics of general weakly nonlinear gravity-capillary waves.
Numerical analysis of weld pool oscillation in laser welding
조정호,Dave F. Farson,Kendall J Hollis,John O. Milewski 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.4
Volume of fluid (VOF) numerical simulation was used to investigate melt flow and volumetric oscillation of conduction-mode pulsedlaser weld pools. The result is compared to high speed video stream of titanium laser spot welding experiment. The total simulation timeis 10ms with the first 5 ms being heating and melting under constant laser irradiation and the remaining 5 ms corresponding to resolidificationof the weld pool. During the melting process, the liquid pool did not exhibit periodic oscillation but was continually depressedby the evaporation recoil pressure. After the laser pulse, the weld pool was excited into volumetric oscillation by the release ofpressure on its surface and oscillation of the weld pool surface was analyzed. The simulation model suggested adjusting thermal diffusivityto match cooling rate and puddle diameter during solidification which is distinguishable from previous weld pool simulation. Thefrequency continuously increased from several thousand cycles per second to tens of thousands of cycles per second as the weld poolsolidified and its diameter decreased. The result is the first trial of investigation of small weld pool oscillation in laser welding althoughthere have been several reports about arc welding.