The Communication Problem Between Korean American Adolescents and Their Parents

Mila Park 한국기독교교육정보학회 2005 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.8

The research problem was to investigate the acculturational, communicative, and authoritarian parenting aspects of conflict between Korean American adolescents and their parents and to examine the most significant of those aspects in order to improve understanding the nature of parent-adolescent conflict for Korean Americans. The expected research result was that the communicative aspect of conflict between Korean American adolescents and their parents would be more significant than the acculturational or authoritarian parenting aspect. In particular, this study proposed that a destructive and negative communication relationship would be the most significant factor for parent-adolescent conflict in Korean American families. The results indicated that both the communicative aspect and authoritarian parenting style were significant predictors for parent-adolescent conflict, but the communicative aspect was the most significant predictor. However, even though the authoritarian parenting aspect was less significant than the communicative aspect, authoritarian parenting style was highly significant.

An Investigation of the Relationship Difficulties in Korean-American Families

Mila Park 한국기독교교육정보학회 2010 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.17

The purpose of this study is to survey relationship difficulties in Korean- American families, determine the main reason for these problems, and find ways of solving them. For the survey, Michigan Early Adolescent Survey Ⅱ, Ok Cha Soh’s Parenting Style, and Bienvenu’s Parent- Adolescent Communication Inventory were used. 70 adolescents and 70 parents completed the questionnaires. Statistical analysis using demographic frequencies and a t-test was used to explore the differences between Korean-American adolescents and their parents concerning communication problems. According to the research, Korean-American parents and adolescents show significant differences in expressing their feelings. Korean-American parents are more willing to share their feelings with their children, but adolescents are not.

The Understanding of Pragmatism in Christian Education

Mila Park 한국기독교교육정보학회 2006 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.10

The most influential pragmatist was John Dewey, who developed and changed educational theories. In his educational reformation, he focused on child-centered classroom activity. He believed that individualized, flexible objectives derived from each student's existing conditions or activities should guide classroom activities and that motivation to learn should be rooted in each student's interest. Also, Dewey allowed students freedom of thought and encouraged them to be "open-minded". In religious education, John Dewey was strongly opposed to anything that would help develop Christian faith in children. He believed that men without faith in God through the mercy of Jesus do more easily persuade themselves to do anything if in the end serves their own desires. Pragmatism is based on John Dewey's philosophy. Therefore, pragmatism emphasized purposeful action, in theory and practice. This researcher thinks that pragmatism is rich in subtle and fruitful philosophical ideas, unified by its theme of mediation between science and philosophy, theory and practice. Also, pragmatism's educational implication was epoch-making ideas. This researcher strongly agrees with pragmatic educational ideas as child-centered education, methodology, teacher's role as project director, and curriculum. However, this researcher thinks that Christians must be aware that John Dewey's theory was based on pragmatism as influenced by Darwin's evolution and multi-values.

한국 교회학교 교사의 요구분석

박미라(Mila Park) 한국기독교교육학회 2006 기독교교육논총 Vol.12 No.-

본 연구는 자연적인 인구감소 현상과 나날이 다양해지는 아이들의 욕구를 충족시키지 못하는 데에 따른 이유로 교회학교의 위기를 맞고 있는 한국 교회학교의 위기를 분석하므로 특별히 중요한 역할을 차지하고 있는 교회교사에 초점을 맞추어 위기에 처한 한국 교회학교의 문제해결 방안을 찾고자 하였다. 연구방법론으로는 요구분석 중 포커스 그룹 인터뷰에 방법론을 선택하였고 그에 대한 간략한 통계적 기법과 연구 참가자들에 대해 간략하게 설명하였으며 참가자들은 현재 교사로 섬기고 있는 침신대와 성결대 학생들이었고, 은평성결교회의 교사들로 구성되었다. 본 연구는 교회학교 교사측면에서 그들의 필요와 요구를 분석하여 정리해 보았다는 것에 의의가 있다. 하지만 객관적이고 체계적인 연구결과를 위해서 본 연구결과를 기초로 한 규격화된 교회학교 교사의 요구분석 설문지를 개발하는 것이 필요할 것이다. 또한 보다 실제적이고 현실적인 대안을 위해 교사들을 후원하고 그들의 전문성을 함양할 수 있는 여러 종류의 다양한 교사교육 프로그램의 개발 또한 미래과제라 하겠다. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which Korean Sunday school teachers?personal needs were satisfied in their ministry. This study has three major areas:First, the identification and adoption of the reliable and valid needs assessment for Sunday school teachers in Korea. Second, the literature review assesses perceived professional needs of Sunday school teachers. Third, the focus group study found out that there is a significant difference in the teachers? training programs between what they have been given and their actual needs in real situation. Also, they need various educational supporting program. The interview was used as a supplemental instrument to elicit more information and to obtain more evidence on content variety of the main theme. The obtained data were analyzed, using descriptive statistical analysis, to determine the several priorities of Sunday School teachers? professional needs. The following conclusions were drawn on the basis of the findings:(1) Today? Sunday school is in crisis. The number of student in the church is decreasing rapidly. One of the key roles to solve the Sunday school crisis problems for Sunday school in crisis should be teachers. (2) Teachers should be aspired by satisfying self­actualization, self­development and develop professional educational skills in the Sunday school setting. However, the Sunday school appears to be failing in terms of providing teachers?needs for self­actualization, self­development and their teachings and ministry skills. Therefore, results of this study can be used to provide a deeper understanding of Sunday school teachers?needs and educational environment of Sunday school. This study also can be utilized to improve and support Sunday school teachers?needs in creative ways.

아동 · 청소년 내담자의 문제행동에 대한 분석과 부모상담의 탐색적 연구

박미라(Mila Park) 한국기독교교육정보학회 2016 기독교교육정보 Vol.0 No.48

본 연구에서는 아동 · 청소년 내담자의 문제행동에 따른 심리교육적 접근의 부모교육상담의 필요성을 피력하였다. 한국에서 주로 이루어지고 있는 부모교육 프로그램에는 부모의 행동적 변화, 부모의 내적변화, 자녀의 변화를 위한 세 가지 내용으로 구분되었다. 하지만, 자녀의 문제행동에 대한 변화를 다룬 부모교육 프로그램은 거의 없었고, 자녀의 내재화 문제 및 외현화 문제로 분류하여 적용한 부모교육상담 프로그램은 거의 희박한 실정으로, 본 연구에서 심리교육적 접근의 부모교육상담모델은 새로운 시도라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 통계분석을 통하여 아동 · 청소년 내담자의 문제행동은 내재화 문제와 외현화 문제로 구분하였다. 한편 내재화와 외현화의 문제를 공통으로 가지고 있는 문제행동들은 학업문제, ADHD, 가족관계문제, 친구관계문제 등으로 분류하였다. 내재화 문제를 가진 자녀를 돕기 위해 부모에게 합리-정서적 치료(REBT)와 교육의 기회를 제공(교훈적지시, 과제, 구조화된 역할놀이기법 등)하여 비논리적이고 비합리적인 신념을 찾아 논박하는 기술을 교육해야 함을 발견하였다. 또한 자녀의 외현화 문제를 수정하기 위해서는 체계적 감소법, 상호작용 전략(사회훈육모델, 현실치료, 교류분석)법, 행동수정기법등의 전략을 통해 자녀의 외현화 문제가 일어났거나 지속되는 비행을 막고 중지하는데 그 목적을 두어 자녀의 문제행동에 따라 부모상담 및 교육모델이 다르게 접근해야 함을 발견하였다. This research asserted that the psycho-educational parenting counseling approaches are needed to treat the behavioral problems of children and adolescent clients. Three parenting education programs, such as parents" behavioral change, parents" internal change, and children"s behavioral change are main classified programs in Korea. However, there are little parenting education programs to deal with the changing of children"s behavioral problems, and classify the children"s internal-external problems. In this reason, this research is a trial of making new psycho-educational parenting counseling model. This study applied the statistical analyses to classify children"s behavioral problems into the internal-external problems. And children"s common behavioral problems are academic problem, ADHD, family conflicts, and relationship with friends regardless of internal-external problems. The parents should be given the REBT and educational direction, assignment, structured role playing techniques to help the children"s internal behavioral problems. These methods could refute the beliefs of illogicality and irrationality. To amend the children"s external behavioral problems the parents should be given systematic desensitization, interactional strategy, community discipline, reality therapy, transactional analysis, and behavior modification methods. These methods also obstruct children"s continueing delinquencies. In result this research found out the parents counseling and education model should be differently applied depending on the children"s behavioral problems.

기독교교육현장인 청소년 수련회에서 가정사역 프로그램과 예배만족의 효과분석

박미라(Mila Park) 한국기독교교육정보학회 2009 기독교교육정보 Vol.24 No.-

The youth retreat is an essential program for developing membership and teamwork for youth. It is also a chance for spiritual experience and healing the scars. This research defines the meaning of youth, youth retreat, and its needs and purposes. Also, it examined adolescent's problems and what they need in the youth retreat setting. In addition, it checked the relationship between various family ministry programs for youth and the satisfaction of the worship in the retreat. This research proved that youth retreats need to provide specialized and diverse educational programs. Worship at the youth retreat provides an opportunity for curing personal scars in their lives. Also, they could solve their problems through programs about occupational and personality problems. This research proved that the healing of their scars is related to having confidence for salvation. This research provided very important data for planning future youth retreats and programs. The results of this research showed requirements for educational and training programs in the area of family ministry which focus on youth retreats that give opportunities for spiritual experiences, to deal with the stress of studying. solve occupational issues, deal with personality problems, and heal personal scars.

기독교교육과 상담의 담론지형과 쟁점연구 : 학술논문의 주제와 연구방법에 대한 메타분석을 중심으로

박미라,Park, Mila 한국기독교교육학회 2021 기독교교육논총 Vol.- No.67

코로나19 팬데믹의 지속으로 대면예배나 집회형 전도를 계획하기 어려운 상황에서 이제 전도는 복음을 제시하는 방식이 아니라 복음적 삶을 강화해야 할 것으로 보여 진다. 이것은 힘들어하는 이들을 교회가 위로해주고 동행함으로 복음을 자연스럽게 나눌 수 있는 영적 돌봄으로서의 전도의 시대가 온 것이며, 기독교교육과 상담을 접목한 다양한 사역의 방향을 설정하고 실천해야 할 때가 도래하였음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 시기에 본 논문은 상담의 영역만이 아니라 기독교교육과 상담의 융·복합적 접근을 통한 전문사역에 관한 연구와 논문들을 분석하여 하여 기독교교육에서 상담을 적용한 선행연구나 기독교교육과 상담의 융·복합적인 시도 또는 사례에 관한 논문을 중심으로 연구하고자 한다. 다루어질 연구 내용으로는 기독교교육에서 상담의 개념 및 이해, 다양한 기독교교육방법으로서의 상담의 적용, 현장에 필요한 프로그램의 개발 등이다. 또한 선행적으로 개발된 주제들은 어떠한 경향적 특징을 나타내는지, 선행 연구들은 어떠한 경향적 특징의 연구방법론들을 사용하였는지, 주제와 방법론 분석에 근거한 기독교교육과 상담의 쟁점과 과제는 무엇인지를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구는 국내 기독교교육 분야에서 전개된 기독교교육 및 상담의 담론지형과 쟁점들, 그리고 그의 경향과 영향력에 선행된 연구논문들을 중심으로 메타분석 함으로써 한국사회에 끼친 다양한 영향력을 분석하여 미래의 기독교교육 분야에서 상담의 융·복합적 접근과 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 첫째, 기독교교육과 상담의 융·복합적인 접근에 관하여 체계적이고 보다 명료한 이론적 토대를 마련하는 연구들이 많이 진행되어야 한다. 둘째, 심리학을 기초로 한 학습자의 이해 및 심리평가에 관한 연구들이 다양하게 이루어져야 한다. 마지막으로, 기독교교육상담에서 다양한 상담기법에 대한 연구가 진행되어져야 하고, 특히 기초상담이론을 활용한 기독교교육상담의 적용과 실제에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되어야 한다. 또한 활용사례를 근거로 효과성 검증에 관련한 연구들 또한 활발하게 진행되어 코로나19 팬데믹 시기에 힘들어하는 우리의 이웃들을 보듬을 수 있는 상담프로그램이 개발되고 기독교교육상담의 방향성이 제시되기를 희망한다. In a situation where it is difficult to plan face-to-face worship or assembly-type evangelism due to the continuation of the corona pandemic, it seems that evangelism is not a way to present the gospel, but to strengthen the gospel life. This is the era of evangelism as a spiritual care where the church can comfort those who are struggling and share the gospel naturally by accompanying them, and the time has come to set and practice various ministry directions that combine Christian education and counseling. At this time, this paper aims to analyze not only in the area of counseling, but also studies and papers on professional ministry through a convergence and complex approach between Christian education and counseling. This study focused on the papers on practical trials and cases. The research contents to be dealt with include the concept and understanding of counseling in Christian education, the application of counseling as various Christian education methods, and the development of programs necessary for the field. In addition, the purpose of this study is to analyze what kind of trend characteristics the subjects developed in advance show, what kind of trend characteristics research methodologies were used in the preceding studies, and what are the issues and tasks of Christian education and counseling based on the subject and method analysis. This study aims to analyze various influences on Korean society by meta-analyzing the discourse and issues of Christian education and counseling developed in the field of Christian education in Korea and suggest the convergence and direction of counseling in the field of Christian education in the future. First, many studies should be conducted to lay a systematic and clearer theoretical foundation for the convergence and complex approach of Christian education and counseling. Second, various studies on the understanding and psychological evaluation of learners based on psychology should be conducted. Finally, research on various counseling techniques should be conducted in Christian education counseling, and in particular, various studies on the application and practice of Christian education counseling using basic counseling theory should be conducted. The author also hope that studies on effectiveness verification based on utilization cases will be actively carried out to develop counseling programs that can help our neighbors who are struggling during the coronavirus era and provide direction for Christian education counseling.

Overview of Legal Measures for Managing Workplace COVID-19 Infection Risk in Several Asia-Pacific Countries

Derek Miller,Tsai Feng-Jen,Kim Jiwon,Tejamaya Mila,Putri Vilandi,Muto Go,Reginald Alex,Phanprasit Wantanee,Granadillos Nelia,Bt Zainal Farid Marina,Capule Carmela Q.,Lin Yu-Wen,Park Jihoon,Chen Ruey-Y 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.4

Background: Despite the lack of official COVID-19 statistics, various workplaces and occupations have been at the center of COVID-19 outbreaks. We aimed to compare legal measures and governance established for managing COVID-19 infection risks at workplaces in nine Asia and Pacific countries and to recommend key administrative measures. Methods: We collected information on legal measures and governance from both general citizens and workers regarding infection risks such as COVID-19 from industrial hygiene professionals in nine countries (Indonesia, India, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Republic of the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand) using a structured questionnaire. Results: A governmental body overseeing public health and welfare was in charge of containing the spread and occurrence of infectious diseases under an infectious disease control and prevention act or another special act, although the name of the pertinent organizations and legislation vary among countries. Unlike in the case of other traditional hazards, there have been no specific articles or clauses describing the means of mitigating virus risk in the workplace that are legally required of employers, making it difficult to define the responsibilities of the employer. Each country maintains own legal systems regarding access to the duration, administration, and financing of paid sick leave. Many workers may not have access to paid sick leave even if it is legally guaranteed. Conclusion: Specific legal measures to manage infectious disease risks, such as providing proper personal protective equipment, education, engineering control measures, and paid sick leave are recommended to be stipulated in Industrial safety and health-related acts.