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Mikula, Pavol,Vrá,na, Miroslav,Pilch, Jan,Seok Seong, Baek,Woo, Wanchuck,Em, Vyacheslav International Union of Crystallography 2014 Journal of applied crystallography Vol.47 No.2
<P>The neutron diffraction properties of a double-crystal (+<I>n</I>,−<I>m</I>) setting, which contains a bent perfect Si(311) crystal in the fully asymmetric diffraction (FAD) geometry with output beam expansion and a bent perfect Si(220) crystal in the symmetric diffraction geometry, are presented. Generally, there are two possibilities for the FAD geometry: either with output beam compression or with output beam expansion. In this case, attention has been focused on the latter. The properties of the (+<I>n</I>,−<I>m</I>) double-bent-crystal arrangement of a bent perfect crystal FAD Si(311) geometry, in combination with a bent Si(220) crystal slab in the symmetric diffraction geometry, were studied. It was found that, after beam expansion, this FAD geometry can provide a monochromatic beam of rather large cross section but very small divergence.</P>
Mikula, Pavol,Vrá,na, Miroslav,Š,aroun, Jan,Davydov, Vadim,Em, Vyacheslav,Seong, Baek‐,Seok International Union of Crystallography 2012 Journal of applied crystallography Vol.45 No.1
<P>Multiple Bragg reflections (MBRs), which can be realized in a bent perfect crystal (BPC) slab and are mutually in dispersive diffraction geometry, provide a monochromatic beam of excellent resolution. After identifying many MBR effects in a BPC Si crystal by using the method of θ–2θ<SUB>D</SUB> scanning, we have turned our attention to the study of selected effects using the method of azimuthal rotation of the crystal lattice around the scattering vector of the primary reflection for a fixed chosen wavelength. In this paper, several azimuthal scans with the intention of possible practical exploitation for very high resolution diffractometry are presented.</P>
Double Bent Crystal Monochromator for High Resolution Neutron Powder Diffraction
Mikula, P.,Vrá,na, M.,Š,aroun, J.,Seong, B.S.,Woo, W. Cambridge University Press 2013 POWDER DIFFRACTION Vol.28 No.2
<P>Recent results of focusing and reflectivity properties of the dispersive double-bent-crystal monochromator have shown that it could be succesfully used in high resolution neutron diffraction experiment. By using a standard polycrystalline sample of α-Fe, the resolution of the diffraction performance in the vicinity of the scattering angle 2<I>θ</I>S = 90<SUP>o</SUP> for the neutron wavelength <I>λ</I>= 0.162 nm was tested in detail. It has been found that for thin (1.3 mm) bent second crystal the angular resolution represented by <I>FWHM</I> of diffraction profiles was 1x10<SUP>−3</SUP> rad for 211 and 200 reflections and about 3x10<SUP>−3</SUP> rad for 220 reflection.</P>
Morrison Andrew I.,Mikula Aleksandra M.,Spiekstra Sander W.,de Kok Michael,Affandi Alsya J.,Roest Henk P.,van der Laan Luc J. W.,de Winde Charlotte M.,Koning Jasper J.,Gibbs Susan,Mebius Reina E. 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2024 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.21 No.3
Background: Human lymph node (HuLN) models have emerged with invaluable potential for immunological research and therapeutic application given their fundamental role in human health and disease. While fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are instrumental to HuLN functioning, their inclusion and recognition of importance for organotypic in vitro lymphoid models remain limited. Methods: Here, we established an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model in a collagen-fibrin hydrogel with primary FRCs and a dendritic cell (DC) cell line (MUTZ-3 DC). To study and characterise the cellular interactions seen in this 3D FRC-DC organotypic model compared to the native HuLN; flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and cytokine/chemokine analysis were performed. Results: FRCs were pivotal for survival, proliferation and localisation of MUTZ-3 DCs. Additionally, we found that CD1a expression was absent on MUTZ-3 DCs that developed in the presence of FRCs during cytokine-induced MUTZ-3 DC differentiation, which was also seen with primary monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). This phenotype resembled HuLN-resident DCs, which we detected in primary HuLNs, and these CD1a− MUTZ-3 DCs induced T cell proliferation within a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), indicating a functional DC status. FRCs expressed podoplanin (PDPN), CD90 (Thy-1), CD146 (MCAM) and Gremlin-1, thereby resembling the DC supporting stromal cell subset identified in HuLNs. Conclusion: This 3D FRC-DC organotypic model highlights the influence and importance of FRCs for DC functioning in a more realistic HuLN microenvironment. As such, this work provides a starting point for the development of an in vitro HuLN. Background: Human lymph node (HuLN) models have emerged with invaluable potential for immunological research and therapeutic application given their fundamental role in human health and disease. While fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are instrumental to HuLN functioning, their inclusion and recognition of importance for organotypic in vitro lymphoid models remain limited. Methods: Here, we established an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model in a collagen-fibrin hydrogel with primary FRCs and a dendritic cell (DC) cell line (MUTZ-3 DC). To study and characterise the cellular interactions seen in this 3D FRC-DC organotypic model compared to the native HuLN; flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and cytokine/chemokine analysis were performed. Results: FRCs were pivotal for survival, proliferation and localisation of MUTZ-3 DCs. Additionally, we found that CD1a expression was absent on MUTZ-3 DCs that developed in the presence of FRCs during cytokine-induced MUTZ-3 DC differentiation, which was also seen with primary monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). This phenotype resembled HuLN-resident DCs, which we detected in primary HuLNs, and these CD1a− MUTZ-3 DCs induced T cell proliferation within a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), indicating a functional DC status. FRCs expressed podoplanin (PDPN), CD90 (Thy-1), CD146 (MCAM) and Gremlin-1, thereby resembling the DC supporting stromal cell subset identified in HuLNs. Conclusion: This 3D FRC-DC organotypic model highlights the influence and importance of FRCs for DC functioning in a more realistic HuLN microenvironment. As such, this work provides a starting point for the development of an in vitro HuLN.
Neutron diffraction measurements of residual stresses in a 50mm thick weld
Woo, Wanchuck,Em, Vyacheslav,Mikula, Pavel,An, Gyu-Baek,Seong, Baek-Seok Elsevier 2011 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.528 No.12
<P><B>Research highlights</B></P><P>► Determined residual stresses through the thickness of the 50mm thick weld. ► Two-dimensional mapping of the longitudinal stress. Observed significant stresses along the heat-affected zone. ► Measured the maximum stress of 460MPa at 40mm below from the top surface.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Residual stresses were determined through the thickness of a 50mm thick ferrite steel weld plate using neutron diffraction. Whereas the limiting penetration depth for iron-based alloys is about 25mm in the most typical neutron diffractometers, we significantly enhanced the penetration depth up to 50mm with 2mm spatial resolution by using the neutron wavelength of 2.39Å. The selected wavelength minimizes the total neutron cross-section and beam attenuation, thereby, maximizes the neutron fluxes at depth. Two-dimensional mapping of the residual stresses shows that significant amounts of the tensile longitudinal stresses (over 90% of yield strength) were developed along the heat-affected zone of the weld.</P>
Mustafa Erdem Arslan,Rupinder Brar,Lianna Goetz,Dipti Karamchandani,Michael W. Mikula,Kyle Hodge,Hua Li,Sangtae Ahn,이화정 대한병리학회 2022 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.56 No.5
Background: Inflammation and structural remodeling may contribute to fibrogenesis in Crohn’s disease (CD). We quantified the immunoexpression of calretinin, CD34, and calprotectin as a surrogate for mucosal innervation, telocytes (interstitial cells playing a role in networking), and inflammation, respectively, and correlated them with bowel alterations in stricturing CD.Methods: Primary resection specimens for ileal CD (n = 44, 31 stricturing CD, 13 inflammatory CD) were identified. Left-sided ulcerative colitis and trauma cases were used as controls. Proximal and distal margin and middle (diseased) sections were stained for calretinin, CD34, and calprotectin. Microscopic images were captured from the mucosa (calretinin), submucosa (calprotectin), and myenteric plexus (CD34), and the immunostaining was quantified using image processing and analysis. Bowel thickness at the corresponding sections were measured and correlated with the amount of immunoexpression.Results: A total of 2,037 images were analyzed. In stricturing CD, submucosal alteration/thickening at the stricture site correlated with calprotectin staining and inversely correlated with calretinin staining at the proximal margin. Muscularis propria alteration/thickening at the stricture site correlated with mucosal calretinin staining at the proximal margin. Submucosal alteration/thickening at the proximal margin correlated with calretinin and CD34 staining at the proximal margin and inversely correlated with CD34 staining at the stricture site. Calretinin immunostaining at the distal margin was significantly higher in stricturing CD than the controls.Conclusions: Inflammation and tissue remodeling appear to contribute to fibrogenesis in stricturing CD. Increased mucosal calretinin immunostaining distal to the diseased segment could be helpful in diagnosing CD in the right clinical context.