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Developing ICT Competence in Pre-service Teacher Training : A Singapore case
WILLIAMS, MICHAEL D. 이화여자대학교 국제통상협력연구소 2001 Jounal of APEC Studies Vol.3 No.1
Recent changes to the Singapore education system have moved particularly rapidly in the area of the use of computer technologies in schools, and have produced marked demands on teachers to upgrade their technology skills and practices to meet this new educational environment. This paper describes the process which the Singapore education profession, especially pre-service teacher preparation, has undergone in the past several years in an effort to prepare teachers to integrate information and communications technologies (ICT) into their teaching and learning. A variety of factors producing these changes is presented, followed by an updated set of ICT competencies for teachers, as well as the response by the Singapore National Institute of Education to meet these new professional requirements.
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Increased Efficiency in Electronic Markets: Liquidity vs. Informed Trading
Michael Williams,Yiu man Tse People&Global Business Association 2009 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.14 No.1
This study examines market efficiency differences between open outcry and electronic exchanges under varying liquidity conditions for the FTSE-100 Index Futures Contract. In line with previous literature, this study finds that liquidity provision and market efficiency have increased on the electronic exchange. Unlike previous literature, this study finds that private information provision decreased between exchange types. Under standard liquidity conditions, clear efficiency differences exist between the open outcry and electronic regimes. However, by employing a liquidity adjustment procedure, this study finds no difference in efficiency between the two exchange types. Based on previous literature, this study concludes that higher efficiency in electronic exchanges is due to enhanced liquidity provision from informed traders and not private information provision.
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Michael Williams,Marlon Perera,François-Xavier Nouhaud,Geoffrey Coughlin 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.1
Purpose: To describe the surgical technique and examine the feasibility and outcomes following robotic pelvic exenteration and extended pelvic resection for rectal and/or urological malignancy. Materials and Methods: We present a case series of seven patients with locally advanced or synchronous urological and/or rectal malignancy who underwent robotic total or posterior pelvic exenteration between 2012–2016. Results: In total, we included seven patients undergoing pelvic exenteration or extended pelvic resection. The mean operative time was 485±157 minutes and median length of stay was 9 days (6–34 days). There was only one Clavien–Dindo complication grade 3 which was a vesicourethral anastomotic leak requiring rigid cystoscopy and bilateral ureteric catheter insertion. Eighty-five percent of patients had clear colorectal margins with a median margin of 3.5 mm (0.7–8.0 mm) while all urological margins were clear. Six out of seven patients had complete (grade 3) total mesorectal excision. Three patients experienced recurrence at a median of 22 months (21–24 months) post-operatively. Of the three recurrences, one was systemic only whilst two were both local and systemic. One patient died from complications of dual rectal and prostate cancer 31 months after the surgery. Conclusions: We report a large series examining robotic pelvic exenteration or extended pelvic resection and describe the surgical technique involved. The robotic approach to pelvic exenteration is highly feasible and demonstrates acceptable peri-operative and oncological outcomes. It has the potential to benefit patients undergoing this highly complex and morbid procedure.
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Strategic Opportunities in Northeast Asia
( William J Taylor Jr ),( Michael J Mazarr ) 한국국방연구원 1989 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.1 No.2
This essay suggests that the security context in Northeast Asia is changing rapidly, and that US security policies must evolve to meet changing realities. It outlines what the basic shifts appear to be and proposes a number of specific policy options that the Unites States ought to pursue. In terms of the changing environment, the essay addresses four major trends. First, the Unites States will be forced to surrender to some degree its traditional role as security guarantor in Northeast Asia, a result dictated in large part by US defense budget shortfalls. Second, the USSR and China have dynamic new economic and political objectives and they desire regional detente. Third, South Korea is undergoing massive political and economic change change complicated by a number of specific factors, including trade frictions with the United States, growing nationalism, and the drive for reunification. Finally, North Korea remains a repressive, closed, dangerous state. The authors propose a number of courses to deal with these shifts, all under the rubric of a new strategy for Northeast Asia. The essay rejects calls to pressure South Korea on trade or burden sharing grounds-Seoul has made major progress in both areas, and in fact spends more on defense than any other US ally. South Korean nationalism would also tend to render such efforts counterproductive. The United States should, on the other hand, reorganize the military command structure to allow greater South Korean participation, including turning over command of all ground forces to a Korean General. The United States also ought to announce a phased reduction of its forces in South Korea, and tie that reduction to progress in conventional arms control between the two Koreas. US officials should continue to express strong support for Seoul`s Nordpolitik and for the process of reunification, and should pledge its willingness to withdraw all its troops once both sides are satisfied that the reunification process has advanced to a stage where hostilities are virtually ruled out. These policies would provide a means for the United States to respond both to political and economic developments in South Korea and to Mikhail Gorbachev`s heady public relations campaign. As such they would constitute a first step in reviving US global leadership.
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US-Korean Security Relations: Post-Reunification
( William J Taylor Jr ),( Michael J Mazarr ) 한국국방연구원 1992 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.4 No.1
This paper examines the future of Korea and its security relations with the United States. Unification, it contends, may be approaching faster than many have believed, and irrespective of the timing, unification is inevitabl-the questions related to it are how and when, not whether. Once unified, Korea will undoubtedly face a difficult period of adjustment as it seeks to fit itself into the new security equation in Northeast Asia. The paper examines that transition. It looks at the security envi-ronment in which a unified Korea would find itself, and sketches out a number of potential strategies by which Korea could guarantee its security: an independent militarism, an alliance with a regional power, neutrality, collective security, and others. It concludes that a unified Korea will probably continue to prefer a security relationship with the United States to any other ultimate security guarantee. Assuming that Korean-US security relations will continue after unification, the paper concludes with an assessment of the current challenges facing the relationship, including domestic politics on both sides and defense industrial cooperation.
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London 2012: changing delivery patterns in response to the impact of the Games on traffic flows
Michael Browne,Julian Allen,Ian Wainwright,Andrew Palmer,Ian Williams 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2014 도시과학국제저널 Vol.18 No.2
The paper addresses road freight transport operations during the London Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012. It presents work carried out prior to the Games to understand pre-Games patterns of freight deliveries in London (for both light and heavy goods vehicles) and the results of modelling work carried out to assess the likely impacts of the Games road restrictions on freight operations. The modelling results indicated that increases in total hours travelled carrying out collection and delivery work would range from 1.4% to 11.4% in the six sectors considered. The results suggested increases in hours travelled in excess of 3.5% in four of the six sectors modelled. The possible actions that could be taken by organizations to reduce these negative impacts were also modelled and the results indicated that such actions would help to mitigate the impact of the road restrictions imposed on operators during the Games. The actual impacts of the 2012 Games on transport both in general terms and specifically in terms of freight transport are also discussed, together with the success of the actions taken by Transport for London (TfL) to help the road freight industry. The potential freight transport legacy of the London 2012 Games in terms of achieving more sustainable urban freight transport is considered and the steps being taken by TfL to help ensure that such a legacy can be realized are discussed. Such steps include policy-makers continuing to collaborate closely with the freight industry through the ‘London Freight Forum’, and TfL's efforts to encourage and support companies revising their delivery and collection times to the off-peak; improving freight planning in the design and management of TfL-funded road schemes; electronic provision of traffic information by TfL to the freight industry, and the further development of freight journey planning tools.
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