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Label-Free Imaging of Membrane Potential Using Membrane Electromotility
Oh, S.,Fang-Yen, C.,Choi, W.,Yaqoob, Z.,Fu, D.,Park, Y.,Dassari, Ramachandra R.,Feld, Michael S. Biophysical Society ; Published for the Biophysica 2012 Biophysical journal Vol.103 No.1
Electrical activity may cause observable changes in a cell's structure in the absence of exogenous reporter molecules. In this work, we report a low-coherence interferometric microscopy technique that can detect an optical signal correlated with the membrane potential changes in individual mammalian cells without exogenous labels. By measuring milliradian-scale phase shifts in the transmitted light, we can detect changes in the cells' membrane potential. We find that the observed optical signals are due to membrane electromotility, which causes the cells to deform in response to the membrane potential changes. We demonstrate wide-field imaging of the propagation of electrical stimuli in gap-junction-coupled cell networks. Membrane electromotility-induced cell deformation may be useful as a reporter of electrical activity.
Recursive Learning Automata Approach to Markov Decision Processes
Chang, Hyeong Soo,Fu, Michael C.,Hu, Jiaqiao,Marcus, Steven I. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on automatic control Vol.52 No.7
<P> In this note, we present a sampling algorithm, called recursive automata sampling algorithm (RASA), for control of finite-horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs). By extending in a recursive manner Sastry's learning automata pursuit algorithm designed for solving nonsequential stochastic optimization problems, RASA returns an estimate of both the optimal action from a given state and the corresponding optimal value. Based on the finite-time analysis of the pursuit algorithm by Rajaraman and Sastry, we provide an analysis for the finite-time behavior of RASA. Specifically, for a given initial state, we derive the following probability bounds as a function of the number of samples: 1) a lower bound on the probability that RASA will sample the optimal action and 2) an upper bound on the probability that the deviation between the true optimal value and the RASA estimate exceeds a given error. </P>
Chang, Hyeong Soo,Fu, Michael C.,Hu, Jiaqiao,Marcus, Steven I. IEEE 2007 IEEE transactions on automatic control Vol.52 No.1
<P>We present a simulation-based algorithm called 'Simulated Annealing Multiplicative Weights' (SAMW) for solving large finite-horizon stochastic dynamic programming problems. At each iteration of the algorithm, a probability distribution over candidate policies is updated by a simple multiplicative weight rule, and with proper annealing of a control parameter, the generated sequence of distributions converges to a distribution concentrated only on the best policies. The algorithm is 'asymptotically efficient,' in the sense that for the goal of estimating the value of an optimal policy, a provably convergent finite-time upper bound for the sample mean is obtained</P>
( Lian Xu ),( Mengxia Fu ),( Dongrui Chen ),( Weiqing Han ),( Michael C. Ostrowski ),( Paul Grossfeld ),( Pingjin Gao ),( Maoqing Ye ) 생화학분자생물학회 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.10
Cardiac fibrosis is a common feature in chronic hypertension patients with advanced heart failure, and endothelial-tomesenchymal transition (EndMT) is known to promote Angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated cardiac fibrosis. Previous studies have suggested a potential role for the transcription factor, ETS-1, in Ang II-mediated cardiac remodeling, however the mechanism are not well defined. In this study, we found that mice with endothelial Ets-1 deletion showed reduced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy following Ang II infusion. The reduced cardiac fibrosis was accompanied by decreased expression of fibrotic matrix genes, reduced EndMT with decreased Snail, Slug, Twist, and ZEB1 expression, as well as reduced cardiac hypertrophy and expression of hypertrophy-associated genes was observed. In vitro studies using cultured H5V cells further confirmed that ETS-1 knockdown inhibited TGF- β1-induced EndMT. This study revealed that deletion of endothelial Ets-1 attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis via inhibition of EndMT, indicating an important ETS-1 function in mediating EndMT. Inhibition of ETS-1 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of heart failure secondary to chronic hypertension. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(10): 595-600]
Molecular analysis of gastric cancer identifies subtypes associated with distinct clinical outcomes
Cristescu, Razvan,Lee, Jeeyun,Nebozhyn, Michael,Kim, Kyoung-Mee,Ting, Jason C,Wong, Swee Seong,Liu, Jiangang,Yue, Yong Gang,Wang, Jian,Yu, Kun,Ye, Xiang S,Do, In-Gu,Liu, Shawn,Gong, Lara,Fu, Jake,Jin, Nature Publishing Group 2015 Nature medicine Vol. No.
Gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, is a heterogeneous disease. We aim to establish clinically relevant molecular subtypes that would encompass this heterogeneity and provide useful clinical information. We use gene expression data to describe four molecular subtypes linked to distinct patterns of molecular alterations, disease progression and prognosis. The mesenchymal-like type includes diffuse-subtype tumors with the worst prognosis, the tendency to occur at an earlier age and the highest recurrence frequency (63%) of the four subtypes. Microsatellite-unstable tumors are hyper-mutated intestinal-subtype tumors occurring in the antrum; these have the best overall prognosis and the lowest frequency of recurrence (22%) of the four subtypes. The tumor protein 53 (TP53)-active and TP53-inactive types include patients with intermediate prognosis and recurrence rates (with respect to the other two subtypes), with the TP53-active group showing better prognosis. We describe key molecular alterations in each of the four subtypes using targeted sequencing and genome-wide copy number microarrays. We validate these subtypes in independent cohorts in order to provide a consistent and unified framework for further clinical and preclinical translational research.
Pathogenesis, evaluation, and management of osteolysis after total shoulder arthroplasty
Kyle N. Kunze,Laura M. Krivicich,Christopher Brusalis,Samuel A. Taylor,Lawrence V. Gulotta,Joshua S. Dines,Michael C. Fu 대한견주관절의학회 2022 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.25 No.3
Radiographic osteolysis after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains a challenging clinical entity, as it may not initially manifest clinically apparent symptoms but can lead to clinically important complications, such as aseptic loosening. A thorough consideration of medical history and physical examination is essential to rule out other causes of symptomatic TSA—namely, periprosthetic joint infection—as symptoms often progress to vague pain or discomfort due to subtle component loosening. Once confirmed, nonoperative treatment of osteolysis should first be pursued given the potential to avoid surgery-associated risks. If needed, the current surgical options include glenoid polyethylene revision and conversion to reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The current article provides a comprehensive review of the evaluation and management of osteolysis after TSA through an evidence-based discussion of current concepts.