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A Classification of Rainfall Regions in Pakistan
Mian Sabir Hussain(미안사비르후세인),Seungho Lee(이승호) 대한지리학회 2009 대한지리학회지 Vol.44 No.5
본 연구의 목적은 파키스탄의 강수지역을 구분하는 것이다. 파키스탄 강수 특성의 이해를 증진시키기 위해 강수 지역을 구분하였다. 강수 형태는 순별 강수량 자료를 이용하여 인자분석과 군집분석 기법으로 분석하였다. 연구에 사용된 자료는 파키스탄 기상청에서 제공하는 32개 기상 관측소의 자료로 연구 기간은 1980년에서 2006년까지이다. 인자분석의 결과 추출된 3개의 인자는 전체 변동의 94.60%를 설명한다. 강수 지역은 강수 특성의 공간적 분포를 이해하기 위해 군집분석을 하였다. 군집분석은 Ward법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 강수 지역은 6개의 지역으로 구분되었다. 지역의 경계는 Baluchistan 고원, Indus 평야, Hindu Kush 산맥과 Himalaya 산맥 같은 지형을 기준으로 구분하였다. This study is aimed to classify rainfall regions in Pakistan. Classification of rainfall regions is essential to understand rainfall patterns in Pakistan. Rainfall patterns have been investigated using a factor and cluster analysis technique by 10-days rainfall parameter. The data used here have been obtained from 32 specific weather stations of PMD (Pakistan Meteorological Department) for the period of January 1980 to December 2006. The results obtained from factor analysis provide three factors and these three factors accounts for 94.60% of the total variance. For a better understanding of rainfall regions, cluster analysis method has been applied. The clustering procedure is based on the Wards method algorithm. Overall, these rainfall regions have been divided into six groups. The boundary of the region is determined by the topology such as Baluchistan plateau, Indus plain, Hindu Kush and Himalaya ranges.
Mian Sabir Hussain,임수정,이승호 건국대학교 기후연구소 2020 기후연구 Vol.15 No.2
This study examines the socio-environmental impacts of mobility on Inuit people and its consequences in the High Arctic region of Canada. Mobility is the part of Inuit culture, the Inuit people moved for hunting on familiar distances and sites that is the part of their life through generations. These patterns of mobility represent an admirable appreciation and familiar knowledge of the environment in the aboriginal people. The system of mobility as social change is related to the environmental stress, food shortage, fur-trade, construction of military bases, state policies, forced resettlement and non-renewable resources development projects in the Arctic region. Since 1950s, the Inuit of Canadian Arctic region have experience forcefully the mobilities in form of relocation, new-settlements, medical moves and residential schools as well as environmental mobility. The effects of relocation from their original lands have sustained through generations. There is another sad story of the DEW-line (Distance Early Warning) construction. The construction was started without any consent or notification to the local communities. Inuit people were displaced into other places with non-respectable way from their indigenous land. The residential school system was another a misfortune form of mobility which removed Aboriginal children from their parents and forcefully teach them ‘white manners’. This unfair treatment to the Inuit becomes big debate in the country from the several decades ago. Experience of mobility either it was due to relocation, displacement, individual or residential schools and mobility due to climate change are common story of Inuit people in the Arctic region of Canada. A number of families are still dealing with this intergenerational distresses.
Urban Growth and Its Effect on Temperature Trends of Lahore City, Pakistan
Sohail Abbas,Mian Sabir Hussain,Sujeong Im,Seungho Lee,Safdar Ali Shirazi 건국대학교 기후연구소 2018 기후연구 Vol.13 No.3
The current study deals with the effect of urban growth and urbanization on temperature trends over Lahore city of Pakistan. This research was conducted using mean monthly temperature data for the period of 1950-2017. The urban population growth, urban expansion, the increase of vehicles and factories as well as the expansion of built up area have influenced on the change of temperature in Lahore city. The annual trends of temperatures have been analyzed, and their statistical significances are calculated by the linear regression method. It has been deduced that there is a close relation between temperature change and urban growth. The findings are as follows; the mean minimum temperature rises greater than the maximum temperature at urban station and rural station. However, the maximum temperature is not rising positively and thus significantly at both stations. The findings show the fact that mean minimum temperature increasing more quickly after the 1995 due to the increase of urban development in Lahore city in which the built up area has increased from 66 km² to 740 km² since 1950. A massive increase in the numbers of vehicles have also influenced on the change of temperature in the city. However, the mean maximum temperature at rural station of Lahore has significant effect during 1973-1997.
A Review of Studies on Changes in Precipitation Features over Pakistan
Sohail Abbas,Mian Sabir Hussain,임수정,신보미,이승호 건국대학교 기후연구소 2021 기후연구 Vol.16 No.4
This study provides a comprehensive review on the trend of precipitation research work over Pakistan. An integrated literature review is developed by combining the various content analysis to explore a systematic trend of precipitation studies in Pakistan. The review was extended up to Indian research work of precipitation to identify the role of affecting elements to regional precipitation of Pakistan. The review is focused on two national journals and eighteen international journals about geography, climate, and meteorology during 1981-2020. The proportion of reviewed articles was 84 and 16 percent for international and local journals respectively. Various features of precipitation research in international journals have rapidly increased during 2009-2020, which was four-time greater than research published during 1981-2008. Regarding various features of precipitation, the ratio of reviewed studies was 54%, 21%, 16%, and 6% for atmospheric circulation, annual and seasonal precipitation, extreme precipitation, and regional distribution of precipitation respectively. While the studies of climate change and its impact on human was not big in numbers in Pakistan. The review of precipitation studies revealed that the aspect of precipitation intensity was more focused on by climate scientists during the last three decades. The occurrence of precipitation intensity indicates an increasing trend of extreme events particularly in the central plain, northwestern mountain, and Kashmir region during the monsoon season. There is no specific research was studied to assess the trend shift changes of precipitation in the recent decades.
A Study on Location of Village Influenced by Climate
Safdar Ali Shirazi,Mian Sabir Hussain 건국대학교 기후연구소 2009 기후연구 Vol.4 No.2
Hundreds of scientists are involved in the various climatic fields of research. Few of them have attempted to review some of research work already published. However, to our knowledge there has been no such work to overview the whole journal of research. Field experts have their own approach to understand the existing problems and school of thoughts for research aptitude. Thus, the review of numerous researches in the area of climatic issues is a little bit thorny. This study reveals a brief overview on the different aspects of climate. The journal of Pakistan Journal of Meteorology (a biannual online journal) from 2004 to 2009 (issues 1-10) has been overviewed in this paper. This work shows an intense effort of the contribution of climatic research in Pakistan Journal of Meteorology. In this respect, this journal covers a vide range of climatic issues from the climate forecast, the impact assessment, the climate change and vulnerability, the long range forecast, and especially the rainfall patterns.