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Thylakoids entrapped within porous silica gel: towards living matter able to convert energy
Meunier, Christophe F.,Van Cutsem, Pierre,Kwon, Young-Uk,Su, Bao-Lian Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.19 No.11
<P>Thylakoids, photosynthetic sub-cellular plant structures, have been entrapped within silica network using the sol-gel process. The photocatalytic splitting of H<SUB>2</SUB>O into O<SUB>2</SUB> by these structures has been studied using a Clark cell reactor. The influence of the silica precursor concentration on the chemical, morphological and diffusion properties of the matrix have been investigated and correlated with the enzymatic activity of entrapped thylakoids. Compared to the free thylakoid suspension, the bioactivity of entrapped thylakoids can be extended during several weeks. The addition of stabilizing agents (<I>i.e.</I> glycerol and bovine serum albumin) does not essentially improve the oxygen production. This work clearly demonstrates that through the immobilization of photosynthetic membranes, photocatalytic reactors capable of biomimicking photosynthetic processes, such as harvesting solar energy and splitting water molecules, can easily be targeted.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>This work highlights the possibility of the entrapment of thylakoids, photosynthetic sub-cellular plant structures, within durable porous silica materials using a biocompatible method to protect and preserve the physiological functions of the organisms and to design photocatalytic reactors capable of biomimicking photosynthetic processes, such as harvesting solar energy and splitting water molecules. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b817172f'> </P>
Meunier, Christophe F.,Cutsem, Pierre Van,Kwon, Young-Uk,Su, Bao-Lian Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.19 No.24
<P>Active thylakoids were encapsulated into a three-dimensional silica network to design a photosynthetic bioreactor suitable for harvesting light and splitting water to oxygen. Since these photosynthetic structures are very sensitive to ionic strength and osmotic pressure as well as traces of alcohols, a biocompatible synthesis pathway has been designed to allow the formation of a robust hybrid silica gel without releasing any by-product during its construction. In these conditions, the photochemical activity of thylakoids can be preserved for more than 40 days. This method has successfully been applied to encapsulate more voluminous organelles such as chloroplasts. The present work can be considered as a step forward and comprehensive advance in the field of encapsulation of biological materials from plant systems.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We develop and apply a bio-compatible method for the entrapment of thylakoids and chloroplasts. Their structural organization and biological activity are preserved and well maintained over time. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b821769f'> </P>
Castelain-Meunier, C. 가톨릭대학교 성평등연구소 2000 성평등연구 Vol.4 No.-
현대의 부성은 변화하는 가족과 사회적 환경 속에서 과거의 부성과 매우 다른 양상을 지닌다. 의학 기술은 부성의 종교적, 이데올로기적 신비감을 벗겨내는 데에 기여했다. 특히 생식에 관한 의학기술의 발전은 여성과 남성을 상호 보완적인 파트너로 만드는데 일조하는 동시에 혈통적 계보에 의한 가족의 개념에 대해 질문을 던지게 하였다. 결혼율의 저하, 이혼율의 증가, 그리고 법과 사회보장제도를 통한 국가의 가족에 대한 개입과 이에 따른 사회적 변화는 현대 가족과 부성이 변화하고 또한 변화할 수밖에 없는 요인들을 제공한 것이다. 한편 여성은 도덕적, 의학적, 법률적인 해방과 더불어 (남성성을 보편적 기준으로 삼지 않는) 여성 고유의 여성성을 다름의 평등으로 인정할 것을 요구한다. 사회적 주체로서의 여성들의 권리주장은 남성과 여성이 평등한 동반자로서의 평등한 관계로 재정립될 것을 촉구한다. 여성운동이 가져온 남성/여성의 관계의 변화는 특히 관계적 정체성의 재정립과 사적/공적 영역간의 위계적 관계를 변형시키는 것으로 나타난다. 또한 독자적인 정체성의 재정립을 위한 여성들의 투쟁은 부성 자체를 재개념화하고 남성들 자신이 새로운 아버지의 역할과 자리를 스스로 찾아가도록 자극하고 있으며 또한 그러한 변화를 실제로 이끌어내고 있다. 의식적이고 의지적이 되어 가는 현대의 부성은 과거의 제도화되고 규범화된 부성과는 큰 거리가 있는 것이다. 오늘날 부성은 새롭게 거듭날 수 있는 좋은 계기를 맞는 동시에 그러한 변화가 불가피하게 동반하는 고통과 불안을 감수해야 하는 복잡한 상황에 처하게 된 것을 알 수 있다. 이처럼 현대의 부성을 사회학적 연구의 대상으로 삼는 것은 여성과 남성간의 차이를 구조화해온 가부장사회의 상징적, 문화적, 사회적, 법적, 경제적, 정치적 측면들을 재조명하고 재구성해야 하는 과제에 관심을 갖는 것이라 할 수 있다.
Effectiveness and Tolerance of a Locust Bean Gum-Thickened Formula: A Real-Life Study
Patrick Tounian,Leo Meunier,Gerrit Speijers,Raish Oozeer,Yvan Vandenplas 대한소아소화기영양학회 2020 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.23 No.6
Purpose: Thickened infant formulas reduce regurgitation frequency and volume. Because the digestive tolerance of locust bean gum-containing formulas is controversial, the effectiveness and tolerance of a locust bean gum-thickened formula in infants presenting with regurgitation was evaluated. No other interventions were allowed during the 1 month follow-up period. Methods: We conducted an open, prospective, observational study of a locust bean gumthickened formula administered to infants presenting with moderate to severe regurgitation according to parents during 1 month. Effectiveness and tolerance were assessed by evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life indicators. Results: A total of 2,604 infants with an average age of 9.3±4.3 weeks were included in this 1 month trial. Regurgitation frequency and estimated volume decreased significantly (p<0.001) and the episodes were resolved completely in 48% of the infants. A significant decrease in duration of crying and episodes of gas (p<0.001), with improvement in quality of life parameters, was observed. Stool frequency increased and stool consistency softened (p<0.001) to levels within the physiologic range, consistent with the increased fiber load (0.42 g/100 mL). Conclusion: Locust bean gum-thickened formula decreased infant regurgitation, was well tolerated, and improved parental quality of life. Stool composition and frequency of the infants remained within the physiologic range.
Ultrathin Planar Graphene Supercapacitors
Yoo, Jung Joon,Balakrishnan, Kaushik,Huang, Jingsong,Meunier, Vincent,Sumpter, Bobby G.,Srivastava, Anchal,Conway, Michelle,Mohana Reddy, Arava Leela,Yu, Jin,Vajtai, Robert,Ajayan, Pulickel M. American Chemical Society 2011 Nano letters Vol.11 No.4
<P>With the advent of atomically thin and flat layers of conducting materials such as graphene, new designs for thin film energy storage devices with good performance have become possible. Here, we report an “in-plane” fabrication approach for ultrathin supercapacitors based on electrodes comprised of pristine graphene and multilayer reduced graphene oxide. The in-plane design is straightforward to implement and exploits efficiently the surface of each graphene layer for energy storage. The open architecture and the effect of graphene edges enable even the thinnest of devices, made from as grown 1−2 graphene layers, to reach specific capacities up to 80 μFcm<SUP>−2</SUP>, while much higher (394 μFcm<SUP>−2</SUP>) specific capacities are observed multilayer reduced graphene oxide electrodes. The performances of devices with pristine as well as thicker graphene-based structures are examined using a combination of experiments and model calculations. The demonstrated all solid-state supercapacitors provide a prototype for a broad range of thin-film based energy storage devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2011/nalefd.2011.11.issue-4/nl200225j/production/images/medium/nl-2011-00225j_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl200225j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>