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- 저자 : Melnick, Corey (검색결과 5 건)
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Kim, Woong Kee,Melnick, Corey,Shim, Ji Hoon,Kaviany, Massoud Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS Vol.511 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>While the electronic stoppage of charged fission fragments is relatively well understood, the subsequent energy cascade is not. Recent efforts to investigate this cascade and predict the resulting damage have used a two-temperature model (TTM) of the electronic and phononic systems coupled with a classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the crystal lattice. In order to accurately predict the track radius produced by a fission fragment in UO<SUB>2</SUB>, this model (TTM + MD) requires that UO<SUB>2</SUB>, an insulator, have metallic properties, e.g., a substantial electron thermal conductivity and heat capacity. However, it has been predicted that UO<SUB>2</SUB> becomes metallic under large pressures, and we perform <I>ab initio</I> (DFT-HSE) simulations to support this prediction. We show that the average U-U bond length decreases within and near the ion track during TTM + MD simulations, supporting the use of volume contraction to model the pressurized UO<SUB>2</SUB> cell. Additionally, we evaluate the electron, phonon, and electron-phonon coupling properties of UO<SUB>2</SUB> for variations in the pressure. In particular, we calculate the electronic heat capacity and thermal conductivity, and the electron-phonon energy coupling for use in subsequent TTM + MD simulations. The <I>ab initio</I> parameterized TTM + MD simulations provide a set of the track radii predictions which bracket and include the experimentally observed radii. The accuracy of the <I>ab initio</I> parameterized TTM + MD simulations depends on the pressure and degree of electron-phonon non-equilibrium assumed during the <I>ab initio</I> calculations. We suggest improvements to the current TTM + MD methodology in light of these results. Still, we show that the pressure-induced transition of UO<SUB>2</SUB> from insulator to metal and subsequent energy transfer from the electronic to phononic systems can accurately explain radiation damage during swift, heavy ion stoppage in UO<SUB>2</SUB>. We make some additional observations regarding the accumulation and recombination of damage along the ion track and make comparison to the common SRIM model of ion stoppage and damage accumulation.</P>
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Glioma Immunotherapy: Advances and Challenges for Spinal Cord Gliomas
Clare Grady,Kaitlyn Melnick,Ken Porche,Farhad Dastmalchi,Daniel J. Hoh,Maryam Rahman,Ashley Ghiaseddin 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.1
Spinal cord gliomas are rare entities that often have limited surgical options. Immunotherapy has shown promise in intracranial gliomas with some research suggesting benefit for spinal cord gliomas. A focused review of immunotherapies that have been investigated in spinal cord gliomas was performed. The primary methods of immunotherapy investigated in spinal cord gliomas include immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell therapies, and vaccine strategies. There are innumerable challenges that must be overcome to effectively apply immunotherapeutic strategies to the spinal cord gliomas including low incidence, few antigenic targets, the blood spinal cord barrier, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and neurotoxic treatment effects. Nonetheless, research has suggested ways to overcome these challenges and treatments have been effective in case reports for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, midline glioma and glioblastoma. Current therapies for spinal cord gliomas are markedly limited. Further research is needed to determine if the success of immunotherapy for intracranial gliomas can be effectively applied to these unique tumors.
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Bae, Hanhong,Sicher, Richard C.,Kim, Moon S.,Kim, Soo-Hyung,Strem, Mary D.,Melnick, Rachel L.,Bailey, Bryan A. Oxford University Press 2009 Journal of experimental botany Vol.60 No.11
<P><I>Theobroma cacao</I> (cacao) is cultivated in tropical climates and is exposed to drought stress. The impact of the endophytic fungus <I>Trichoderma hamatum</I> isolate DIS 219b on cacao's response to drought was studied. Colonization by DIS 219b delayed drought-induced changes in stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and green fluorescence emissions. The altered expression of 19 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (seven in leaves and 17 in roots with some overlap) by drought was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Roots tended to respond earlier to drought than leaves, with the drought-induced changes in expression of seven ESTs being observed after 7 d of withholding water. Changes in gene expression in leaves were not observed until after 10 d of withholding water. DIS 219b colonization delayed the drought-altered expression of all seven ESTs responsive to drought in leaves by ≥3 d, but had less influence on the expression pattern of the drought-responsive ESTs in roots. DIS 219b colonization had minimal direct influence on the expression of drought-responsive ESTs in 32-d-old seedlings. By contrast, DIS 219b colonization of 9-d-old seedlings altered expression of drought-responsive ESTs, sometimes in patterns opposite of that observed in response to drought. Drought induced an increase in the concentration of many amino acids in cacao leaves, while DIS 219b colonization caused a decrease in aspartic acid and glutamic acid concentrations and an increase in alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations. With or without exposure to drought conditions, colonization by DIS 219b promoted seedling growth, the most consistent effects being an increase in root fresh weight, root dry weight, and root water content. Colonized seedlings were slower to wilt in response to drought as measured by a decrease in the leaf angle drop. The primary direct effect of DIS 219b colonization was promotion of root growth, regardless of water status, and an increase in water content which it is proposed caused a delay in many aspects of the drought response of cacao.</P>
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