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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Matthew T. Brown (검색결과 2 건)
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The Impact of the Chinese Basketball Association’s Asian-born Player Policy on Competitive Balance
Hua Gong,Nicholas M. Watanabe,Matthew T. Brown,Mark S. Nagel 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2019 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.4 No.2
This study explores the relationship between talent pool size and competitive balance in the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). In particular, the focus of this analysis is on the impact of the Asian-born player policy, which gives CBA teams at the bottom of the standings the ability to sign an additional talented player. Prior theorization suggests that allowing weaker teams to sign additional talent—while also constraining other teams—should reduce the talent gap between teams, and hence improve competitive balance. Based on this, both within-season and cross-season competitive balance metrics were utilized in interrupted time series regressions to estimate whether this policy had an impact on parity. The results find that while the Asian-born player policy did not improve within-season competitive balance, it did lead to better reordering of where teams finished in the final standings. Overall, the findings have important implications in regards to how policy can impact competitive balance.
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Okada, Yukinori,Kim, Kwangwoo,Han, Buhm,Pillai, Nisha E.,Ong, Rick T.-H.,Saw, Woei-Yuh,Luo, Ma,Jiang, Lei,Yin, Jian,Bang, So-Young,Lee, Hye-Soon,Brown, Matthew A.,Bae, Sang-Cheol,Xu, Huji,Teo, Yik-Yin Oxford University Press 2014 Human Molecular Genetics Vol.23 No.25
<P>Previous studies have emphasized ethnically heterogeneous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) classical allele associations to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. We fine-mapped RA risk alleles within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in 2782 seropositive RA cases and 4315 controls of Asian descent. We applied imputation to determine genotypes for eight class I and II HLA genes to Asian populations for the first time using a newly constructed pan-Asian reference panel. First, we empirically measured high imputation accuracy in Asian samples. Then we observed the most significant association in HLA-DRβ1 at amino acid position 13, located outside the classical shared epitope (<I>P</I><SUB>omnibus</SUB> = 6.9 × 10<SUP>−135</SUP>). The individual residues at position 13 have relative effects that are consistent with published effects in European populations (His > Phe > Arg > Tyr ≅ Gly > Ser)—but the observed effects in Asians are generally smaller. Applying stepwise conditional analysis, we identified additional independent associations at positions 57 (conditional <I>P</I><SUB>omnibus</SUB> = 2.2 × 10<SUP>−33</SUP>) and 74 (conditional <I>P</I><SUB>omnibus</SUB> = 1.1 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>). Outside of HLA-DRβ1, we observed independent effects for amino acid polymorphisms within HLA-B (Asp9, conditional <I>P</I> = 3.8 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>) and HLA-DPβ1 (Phe9, conditional <I>P</I> = 3.0 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>) concordant with European populations. Our trans-ethnic HLA fine-mapping study reveals that (i) a common set of amino acid residues confer shared effects in European and Asian populations and (ii) these same effects can explain ethnically heterogeneous classical allelic associations (e.g. <I>HLA-DRB1*09:01</I>) due to allele frequency differences between populations. Our study illustrates the value of high-resolution imputation for fine-mapping causal variants in the MHC.</P>
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