Attenuation of streptozotocin mediated oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and toxicity in rats by treatment with B-20 drpos - a homoeopathic preparation

Pillai, KK,Najmi, Abul K,Anwer, Tarique,Sultana, Yasmin,Sharma, Manju Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2007 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.7 No.1

The present study is aimed at finding the effect of B-20 drops, a homoeopathic formulation, in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. B-20 drops comprises of the constituents derived from plants and other natural sources, and are generally prescribed by the homoeopathic physician, in cases of hyperglycemia and diabetes. The elevated levels of fasting blood glucose and pancreatic lipid peroxides observed in rats treated with STZ were significantly reduced by the treatment of B-20 drops. The reduced liver glycogen contents were also brought back to near normal level by B-20 drops treatment in STZ diabetic rats. STZ induced histopathological changes in pancreas and liver was also partially reversed by B-20 drops. The findings indicate that B-20 drops help in improving the glycogen stores in the liver and prevents STZ induced damage through free radicals by decreasing the pancreatic lipid peroxides levels.

Combined effect of inherent residual chloride and bound water content and surface morphology on the intrinsic electron-transfer activity of ruthenium oxide

Pillai, K. Chandrasekara,Kumar, Annamalai Senthil,Moon, Il-Shik Springer-Verlag 2018 Journal of solid state electrochemistry Vol.22 No.7

Selective and low potential electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl immobilized graphene oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode

Pillai, K. Chandrasekara,Shalini Devi, K. S.,Senthil Kumar, Annamalai,Moon, Il-Shik Springer-Verlag 2018 Journal of solid state electrochemistry Vol.22 No.11

Dilemma of gonial angle measurement: Panoramic radiograph or lateral cephalogram

Pillai Devu Radhakrishnan,Nilambur Kovilakam Sapna Varma,Vallikat Velath Ajith 대한영상치의학회 2017 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.47 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of panoramic imaging in measuring the right and left gonial angles by comparing the measured angles with the angles determined using a lateral cephalogram of adult patients with class I malocclusion. Materials and Methods: The gonial angles of 50 class I malocclusion patients (25 males and 25 females; mean age: 23 years) were measured using both a lateral cephalogram and a panoramic radiograph. In the lateral cephalograms, the gonial angle was measured at the point of intersection of the ramus plane and the mandibular plane. In the panoramic radiographs, the gonial angle was measured by drawing a line tangent to the lower border of the mandible and another line tangent to the distal border of the ascending ramus and the condyle on both sides. The data obtained from both radiographs were statistically compared. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between the gonial angle measured using the lateral cephalograms and that determined using the panoramic radiographs. Further, there was no statistically significant difference in the measured gonial angle with respect to gender. The results also showed a statistically insignificant difference in the mean of the right and the left gonial angles measured using the panoramic radiographs. Conclusion: As the gonial angle measurements using panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms showed no statistically significant difference, panoramic radiography can be considered in orthodontics for measuring the gonial angle without any interference due to superimposed images.

Status of Irradiated Foods in the USA

Pillai, Suresh D.,Mcelhany, Katherine The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2011 Safe Food Vol.6 No.2

Importance of Clusters in Industry Development: A Case of Singapore's Petrochemical Industry

Pillai Jayarethanam The Korean Society for Technology Manageme and Eco 2006 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.14 No.2

This paper rejuvenates the existing discussion on the importance of cluster approach to industry development strategies. Current evidences suggest that the shape of economic policy and practice is changing significantly around the world. Governments continually search for new tools and policy formulas to improve economic performance and create economic prosperity for all citizens. In this context a more proactive and strategic role for government in support of the cluster-based economic development model has emerged. This paper uses Singapore's petrochemical industry as an example to study the cluster approach to industry development. In doing so, there is much optimism to the importance of state and its institutions to play a significant role on industry development. Nevertheless, the study also raises doubts on whether the cluster-based strategy is due to the concept itself or due to other important factors.

Electrochemically mediated reduction of epichlorohydrin pollutant by Ni(I)(hexamethylcyclam) in aqueous media

Pillai, K. Chandrasekara,Muthuraman, G.,Moon, Il-Shik Elsevier 2017 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.232 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is a volatile organic compound and toxic to human health. Here we investigated clean mediated electrocatalytic dechlorination of ECH in aqueous solutions using electrogenerated [Nickel(I)(hexamethylcyclam)]<SUP>+</SUP> ([Ni(I)(hmc)]<SUP>+</SUP>) at glassy carbon cathode. Ni(II)/Ni(I) redox behavior of [Ni(II)(hmc)]<SUP>2+</SUP>, examined first by cyclic voltammetry in ECH free-aqueous solutions of various anions (Cl<SUP>−</SUP>, Br<SUP>−</SUP>, ClO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>, phosphate, NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>), showed only Cl<SUP>−</SUP> could provide most stable and reactive low-valent nickel species with highest versatility toward activation of ECH dechlorination. Cyclic voltammetry experiments over a range of scan rates and ECH concentrations elucidated rate limiting mechanism for Ni(I) catalyzed ECH dechlorination, and estimated catalytic reaction rate constant (<I>k</I> <SUB>cat</SUB>). ECH concentration-dependent <I>k</I> <SUB>cat</SUB> and <I>i</I> <SUB>cat</SUB> results revealed ECH dechlorination by Ni(I) followed Michaelis-Menten type <I>inner-sphere</I> electron transfer kinetics at low ECH concentrations (< 20mM), but <I>outer-sphere</I> mechanism at higher concentrations. Interestingly, GC/MS showed complete destruction of ECH and production of three non-chloro products within 3-h bulk electrolysis. A possible mechanism was proposed for the overall Ni(I)(hmc)-catalyzed ECH dechlorination. Fast mediation kinetics, total removal of ECH, non-chloro organics as the only dechlorination products, and highly stable [Ni(I)(hmc)]<SUP>+</SUP> mediator indicate electrocatalytic mediation using [Ni(I)(hmc)]<SUP>+</SUP> in aqueous NaCl solution may be feasible for dechlorination of other organic chloro compounds.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Redox studies of Ni(II)/Ni(I) of hexamethylcyclam in aqueous media of different electrolytes for reversibility </LI> <LI> Electrogenerated [Ni(I)(hexamethylcyclam)]<SUP>+</SUP> strongly catalyzes epichlorohydrin dechlorination in aqueous media only with NaCl electrolyte </LI> <LI> Catalytic reaction rate constant estimation and elucidation of reaction mechanism </LI> <LI> Ni(I)-catalyzed epichlorohydrin dechlorination completely removes epichlorohydrin and produces only non-chloro products </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Mediated electrocatalytic dechlorination of epichlorohydrin pollutant by [Ni(I)(hmc)]<SUP>+</SUP> affords total removal of ECH with the production of three non-chloro organics as the only reduction products with fast dechlorination kinetics.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Electrostatic Titrations Reveal Surface Compositions of Mixed, On-Nanoparticle Monolayers Comprising Positively and Negatively Charged Ligands

Pillai, Pramod P.,Kowalczyk, Bartlomiej,Pudlo, Wojciech J.,Grzybowski, Bartosz A. American Chemical Society 2016 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.120 No.7

<P>A general-purpose procedure based on electrostatic titrations was developed to determine the compositions of mixed self-assembled monolayers (m-SAMs) of oppositely charged ligands on metal nanoparticles (NPs). In this procedure, nanoparticles of unknown m-SAM compositions and charges are titrated with the positively charged NP 'standards'. These compositions and the differences in the free energies of adsorption of the [+] and [-] are then determined from the points of precipitation at which the overall charge on all NPs is neutralized. The results of the titrations agree well with traditional core-etching/NMR studies. However, the titration-based approach is nondestructive and requires significantly less material than NMR.</P>

Surfactant structural effects on mediated electrocatalytic dechlorination: Links between the micellar enhancement of dechlorination reactions and micellar properties

Pillai, K. Chandrasekara,Muthuraman, G.,Moon, Il-Shik Academic Press 2018 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Electrocatalytic dechlorination mediated by micelle-solubilized electrocatalysts has attracted considerable current interest for pollutant degradation. Aggregation in micellar assemblies and their interactions with the additives in solution are affected by the surfactant structure. By choosing appropriate surfactant molecules, the system properties may be altered to achieve enhanced dechlorination efficiency. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-based surfactants with different hydrocarbon lengths and headgroup structures were studied for their structural effects on [Co(I)(bipyridine)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP>-mediated dechlorination reactions. A widely used pollutants allyl chloride derivatives were studied as the substrates. The performance of the surfactants towards various dechlorination reactions was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) based on the catalytic efficiency. Key micellar parameters were determined by CV and rotating disc electrode using [Co(II)(bipyridine)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>2+</SUP> as the micelle-solubilized redox probe. The surfactants affected the dechlorination reaction to different extents, correlating well with their structure. The catalytic efficiency was explained by the interactions of the Co(II)/Co(I) with the surfactant hydrophobic tail and headgroup. This is the first report <I>quantitatively</I> linking the performance of the surfactants in dechlorination reactions with their molecular structure, showing that is possible to use variant surfactant structures to tune the micellar properties for their application towards the enhanced dechlorination of organic pollutants. Substrate structure-susceptibility to reduction relationships were also discussed.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>A good <I>quantitative</I> correlation has been revealed between the catalytic efficiency for CTAB, TDTAB, and CBDAC surfactants towards electrolytic mediated dechlorination reactions and their structure-dependent micellar parameters for the first time.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Local diagonal extrema number pattern: A new feature descriptor for face recognition

Pillai, Arvind,Soundrapandiyan, Rajkumar,Satapathy, Swapnil,Satapathy, Suresh Chandra,Jung, Ki-Hyun,Krishnan, Rajakumar North-Holland 2018 Future generations computer systems Vol.81 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper proposes a simple and novel feature descriptor for face recognition called local diagonal extrema number pattern (LDENP). LDENP produces a compact code of facial features which is obtained by encoding the directional information of the face image. Further, LDENP micro-patterns are created using values and indices of the local diagonal extremas (i.e. minima and maxima) using first order local diagonal derivatives that extract the directional information. Moreover, the proposed algorithm partitions the face into several regions to facilitate extraction of features from each region individually. Consequently, the extracted features are concatenated into a single feature vector which is used as a face descriptor. In this work, only the diagonal neighbours are considered, hence, the dimension of the feature, and the computation time to recognize the face are reduced. Therefore, the curse of dimensionality problem is solved. Experimental results are carried out on standard benchmark databases like FERET, Extended YALE-B, ORL and LFW-a. Moreover, efficiency of LDENP descriptor is asserted by comparing recognition rates of the proposed method with other existing local-descriptor based methods.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The proposed descriptor uses first order derivatives to encode the image rather than using masks. </LI> <LI> The proposed descriptor considers only the local diagonal pixels values rather than the local neighbour pixels. </LI> <LI> The proposed descriptor calculates the micro-patterns based on the first order local diagonal extrema number pattern. </LI> <LI> The proposed descriptor yields a high face recognition rate. </LI> </UL> </P>