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Inductorless 8.9 ㎽ 25 Gb/s 1:4 DEMUX and 4 ㎽ 13 Gb/s 4:1 MUX in 90 ㎚ CMOS
Takayuki Sekiguchi,Shuhei Amakawa,Noboru Ishihara,Kazuya Masu 대한전자공학회 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.3
A low-power inductorless 1:4 DEMUX and a 4:1 MUX for a 90 nm CMOS are presented. The DEMUX can be operated at a speed of 25 Gb/s with the power supply voltage of 1.05 V, and the power consumption is 8.9 ㎽. The area of the DEMUX core is 29 × 40 ㎛². The operation speed of the 4:1 MUX is 13 Gb/s at a power supply voltage of 1.2 V, and the power consumption is 4 ㎽. The area of the MUX core is 30 × 18 ㎛². The MUX/DEMUX mainly consists of differential pseudo-NMOS. In these MUX/DEMUX circuits, logic swing is nearly rail-torail, and a low Vdd. The component circuit is more scalable than a CML circuit, which is commonly used in a high-performance MUX/DEMUX. These MUX/DEMUX circuits are compatible with conventional CMOS logic circuit, and it can be directly connected to CMOS logic gates without logic level conversion. Furthermore, the circuits are useful for core-to-core interconnection in the system LSI or chip-to-chip communication within a multi-chip module, because of its low power, small footprint, and reasonable operation speed.
Inductorless 8.9 mW 25 Gb/s 1:4 DEMUX and 4 mW 13 Gb/s 4:1 MUX in 90 nm CMOS
Sekiguchi, Takayuki,Amakawa, Shuhei,Ishihara, Noboru,Masu, Kazuya The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.3
A low-power inductorless 1:4 DEMUX and a 4:1 MUX for a 90 nm CMOS are presented. The DEMUX can be operated at a speed of 25 Gb/s with the power supply voltage of 1.05 V, and the power consumption is 8.9 mW. The area of the DEMUX core is $29\;{\times}\;40\;{\mu}m^2$. The operation speed of the 4:1 MUX is 13 Gb/s at a power supply voltage of 1.2 V, and the power consumption is 4 mW. The area of the MUX core is $30\;{\times}\;18\;{\mu}m^2$. The MUX/DEMUX mainly consists of differential pseudo-NMOS. In these MUX/DEMUX circuits, logic swing is nearly rail-to-rail, and a low $V_{dd}$. The component circuit is more scalable than a CML circuit, which is commonly used in a high-performance MUX/DEMUX. These MUX/DEMUX circuits are compatible with conventional CMOS logic circuit, and it can be directly connected to CMOS logic gates without logic level conversion. Furthermore, the circuits are useful for core-to-core interconnection in the system LSI or chip-to-chip communication within a multi-chip module, because of its low power, small footprint, and reasonable operation speed.
Inductorless 8.9 mW 25 Gb/s 1:4 DEMUX and 4 mW 13 Gb/s 4:1 MUX in 90 nm CMOS
Takayuki Sekiguchi,Shuhei Amakawa,Noboru Ishihara,Kazuya Masu 대한전자공학회 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.3
A low-power inductorless 1:4 DEMUX and a 4:1 MUX for a 90 nm CMOS are presented. The DEMUX can be operated at a speed of 25 Gb/s with the power supply voltage of 1.05 V, and the power consumption is 8.9 mW. The area of the DEMUX core is 29 × 40 μm2. The operation speed of the 4:1 MUX is 13 Gb/s at a power supply voltage of 1.2 V, and the power consumption is 4 mW. The area of the MUX core is 30 × 18 μm2. The MUX/DEMUX mainly consists of differential pseudo-NMOS. In these MUX/DEMUX circuits, logic swing is nearly rail-torail,and a low Vdd. The component circuit is more scalable than a CML circuit, which is commonly used in a high-performance MUX/DEMUX. These MUX/DEMUX circuits are compatible with conventional CMOS logic circuit, and it can be directly connected to CMOS logic gates without logic level conversion. Furthermore, the circuits are useful for core-to-core interconnection in the system LSI or chip-to-chip communication within a multi-chip module, because of its low power, small footprint, and reasonable operation speed.
Ong'ondo, Cyrus Babu,Gwaya, Abednego Oswald,Masu, Sylvester Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2019 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.9 No.2
Poor project performance has been noted as the bane in the construction industry globally. This paper sought to investigate, by way of literature, the performance patterns of construction projects in Kenya since independence (1963-2018). This was informed by reports of undesirable project performance in the industry. This descriptive study used available studies previously done in this subject area. In sum, literature is replete with evidence on a myriad of challenges facing the execution of projects. The study established that generally, the project performance is poor and has assumed a chronic trajectory spanning over five decades. On average, the findings reveal that 35-60% of projects initiated in Kenya face cost overruns while time overrun is most severe with 35-73% projects overrunning their schedule. In addition, the findings problematize the issue of plurality of performance measurement regimes in the construction industry. Here, it was observed that no singular construct exists to objectively measure the various facets that constitute the 'health' of a project. This paper has contributed to the body of knowledge by examining the performance patterns in Kenya for over fifty years while at the same time identifying the bottlenecks inherent in projects execution. Importantly, the conceptual performance efficiency framework derived in the current study presents a paradigm shift in the monitoring and evaluation of projects. To this end, an in-depth analysis is recommended on the interaction of efficiency enablers in the buildup of performance efficiency index (PEI). Similarly, a further inquiry is recommended on the integration and impact of the proposed framework in the management of projects.
Yuki Fujii,Yoshihide Kanno,Shinsuke Koshita,Takahisa Ogawa,Hiroaki Kusunose,Kaori Masu,Toshitaka Sakai,Keisuke Yonamine,Yujiro Kawakami,Toji Murabayashi,Fumisato Kozakai,Yutaka Noda,Hiroyuki Okada,Kei 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.2
Background/Aims: This study aimed to identify the predictive factors for inaccurate endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needleaspiration (EUS-FNA) diagnosis of swollen lymph nodes without rapid on-site cytopathological evaluation. Methods: Eighty-three consecutive patients who underwent EUS-FNA for abdominal or mediastinal lymph nodes from January2008 to June 2017 were included from a prospectively maintained EUS-FNA database and retrospectively reviewed. The sensitivity,specificity, and accuracy of EUS-FNA for the detection of neoplastic diseases were calculated. Candidate factors for inaccurate diagnosis(lymph node size and location, needle type, puncture route, number of passes, and causative disease) were evaluated by comparisonbetween accurately diagnosed cases and others. Results: The final diagnosis of the punctured lymph node was classified as neoplastic (65 cases: a metastatic lymph node, malignantlymphoma, or Crow-Fukase syndrome) or non-neoplastic (18 cases: a reactive node or amyloidosis). The sensitivity, specificity, andaccuracy were 83%, 94%, and 86%, respectively. On multivariate analyses, small size of the lymph node was the sole predictive factor forinaccurate EUS-FNA diagnosis with a significant difference (odds ratios, 19.8; 95% confidence intervals, 3.15–124; p=0.0015). Conclusions: The lymph node size of <16 mm was the only independent factor associated with inaccurate EUS-FNA diagnosis ofswollen lymph nodes.
Yoshihide Kanno,Shinsuke Koshita,Takahisa Ogawa,Hiroaki Kusunose,Kaori Masu,Toshitaka Sakai,Keisuke Yonamine,Kazuaki Miyamoto,Toji Murabayashi,Fumisato Kozakai,Jun Horaguchi,Yutaka Noda,Kei Ito 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.6
Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of inside plastic stents (iPSs) versus those of metal stents (MSs) for treating unresectable perihilar malignant obstructions. Methods: For all patients who underwent endoscopic suprapapillary placement of iPS(s) or MS(s) as the first permanent biliary drainage for unresectable malignant perihilar obstructions between January 2014 and August 2019, clinical outcomes using iPSs (n=20) and MSs (n=85), including clinical efficacy, adverse events, and time to recurrence of biliary obstruction (RBO), were retrospectively evaluated. Results: There were no differences in clinical effectiveness (95% for the iPS group vs. 92% for the MS group, p=1.00). Procedure-related adverse events, including pancreatitis, acute cholangitis, acute cholecystitis, and death, were observed for 8% of the MS group, although no patient in the iPS group developed such adverse events. The median time to RBO was 561 days (95% confidence interval, 0–1,186 days) for iPSs and 209 days (127–291 days) for MSs, showing a significant difference (p=0.008). Conclusions: Time to RBO after iPS placement was significantly longer than that after MS placement. IPSs, which are removable, unlike MSs, were an acceptable option.
Yoshihide Kanno,Kei Ito,Shinsuke Koshita,Takahisa Ogawa,Hiroaki Kusunose,Kaori Masu,Toshitaka Sakai,Toji Murabayashi,Sho Hasegawa,Fumisato Kozakai,Yujiro Kawakami,Yuki Fujii,Yutaka Noda 대한소화기내시경학회 2018 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.51 No.3
Background/Aims: Although both radial- and convex-arrayed endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) scopes are widely used forobservational EUS examinations, there have been few comparative studies on their power of visualization. The aim of this study was toevaluate the capability of these EUS scopes for observation of the pancreatobiliary junction. Methods: The rate of successful visualization of the pancreatobiliary junction was retrospectively compared between a radial-arrayedand a convex-arrayed echoendoscope, from a prospectively maintained database. Study periods were defined as January 2010 toDecember 2012 for the radial group, and February 2015 to October 2016 for the convex group because the respective scope wasmainly used during those periods. Results: During the study period, 1,660 cases with radial EUS and 1,984 cases with convex EUS were recruited. The success rates ofobservation of the pancreatobiliary junction were 80.0% and 89.5%, respectively (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The capability of visualization of the pancreatobiliary junction in observational EUS was found to be better with aconvex-arrayed than with a radial-arrayed echoendoscope
Yoshihide Kanno,Shinsuke Koshita,Takahisa Ogawa,Hiroaki Kusunose,Kaori Masu,Toshitaka Sakai,Keisuke Yonamine,Yujiro Kawakami,Yuki Fujii,Kazuaki Miyamoto,Toji Murabayashi,Fumisato Kozakai,Jun Horaguchi 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.6
Background/Aims: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of localized stenosis of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) forearly detection of pancreatic cancer. Methods: Among 689 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde pancreatography from January 2008 to September 2018, 19patients with MPD findings were enrolled. These patients showed findings for indicating suspicious pancreatic cancer at an early stage(FiCE); FiCE was defined as a single, localized stenosis in the MPD without a detectable mass (using any other imaging methods) andwithout other pancreatic diseases, such as definite chronic pancreatitis, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and autoimmunepancreatitis. Final diagnoses were established by examining resected specimens or through follow-up examinations after an interval of>5 years. Results: Among 19 patients with FiCE, 11 underwent surgical resection and 8 were evaluated after a >5-year observation period. Thefinal diagnosis of the MPD stenosis was judged to be pancreatic cancer in 9 patients (47%), including 3 with intraepithelial cancer, andto be a non-neoplastic change in 10. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of preoperative pancreatic juice cytology were 75%, 100%,and 88%, respectively. Conclusions: The predictive value of FiCE for pancreatic cancer prevalence was 47%. Histological confirmation with pancreatic juicecytology is necessary before surgical resection.
Yoshihide Kanno,Tetsuya Ohira,Yoshihiro Harada,Shinsuke Koshita,Takahisa Ogawa,Hiroaki Kusunose,Yoshiki Koike,Taku Yamagata,Toshitaka Sakai,Kaori Masu,Keisuke Yonamine,Kazuaki Miyamoto,Megumi Tanaka,T 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.3
Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of sedation with propofol as an alternative to benzodiazepinedrugs in outpatient endoscopy. Methods: In this prospective study, examinees who underwent outpatient endoscopy under propofol sedation and submitted a nextdayquestionnaire with providing informed consent were evaluated. Periprocedural acute responses, late adverse events within 24hours, and examinee satisfaction were evaluated. Results: Among the 4,122 patients who received propofol in the 17,978 outpatient-based endoscopic examinations performedbetween November 2016 and March 2018, 2,305 eligible examinees (esophagogastroduodenoscopy for 1,340, endoscopicultrasonography for 945, and total colonoscopy for 20) were enrolled, and their responses to a questionnaire were analyzed. Themean propofol dose was 69.6±24.4 mg (range, 20–200 mg). Diazepam, midazolam, and/or pentazocine in combination withpropofol was administered to 146 examinees. Mild oxygen desaturation was observed in 59 examinees (2.6%); and mild bradycardia,in 2 (0.09%). Other severe reactions or late events did not occur. After eliminating 181 invalid responses, 97.7% (2,065/2,124) of thepatients desired propofol sedation in future examinations. Conclusions: Propofol sedation was found to be safe-without severe adverse events or accidents-for outpatient endoscopy on thebasis of the patients’ next-day self-evaluation. Given the high satisfaction level, propofol sedation might be an ideal tool for painlessendoscopic screening.