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Shun Yamanouchi,Eri Nasuno,Masaki Ohno,Chigusa Okano,Ken-ichi Iimura,Tetsuji Okuda,Wataru Nishijima,Norihiro Kato 한국생물공학회 2017 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.22 No.3
The model cationic molecule prodigiosin interacted with a polyamide/polysulfone composite reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, resulting in a reduction of the membrane permeation rate. Prodigiosin is an antibacterial agent produced by Serratia marcescens that is frequently isolated from activated sludge of domestic or industrial wastewater. Such molecules respectively secreted or leaked from live or dead cells are thought to affect membrane biofouling. In this study, a cell suspension containing prodigiosin-producing S. marcescens AS-1 wild-type or the non-producing AS-1ΔspnI strain was fed to the thin RO membrane to determine the occlusion ratio on the membrane. Cationic prodigiosin enhanced membrane biofouling by clogging the pores and enhanced the accumulation of the cake layer. The effects remarkably recovered the occlusion ratio after removing the cake layer by feeding with water. After temporary pressure relief, the occlusion ratios for AS-1 and AS-1ΔspnI were recovered to stable levels from approximately 70 to 49% and 23%, respectively. Zetapotential analysis supported the neutralization effects leading to the accumulation of bacterial cells under applied high pressure for RO membrane permeation.
( Yasuhiro Morita ),( Shigeki Bamba ),( Osamu Inatomi ),( Kenichiro Takahashi ),( Takayuki Imai ),( Masaki Murata ),( Masashi Ohno ),( Masaya Sasaki ),( Tomoyuki Tsujikawa ),( Akira Andoh ) 대한장연구학회 2020 Intestinal Research Vol.18 No.2
Background/Aims: We retrospectively analyzed Crohn’s disease (CD) patients with small intestinal strictures who underwent single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) to ascertain whether prototype SBEs with a passive bending mechanism and high force transmission insertion tube had better insertability in the small intestine than a conventional SBE. Methods: Among 253 CD patients who underwent SBE, we identified 94 CD patients who had undergone attempted endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) for small intestinal stenosis for inclusion in this study. We analyzed whether the type of scope used for their initial procedure affected the cumulative surgery-free rate. For the insertability analysis, patients who underwent SBE at least twice were divided into 3 groups according to the type of scope used: conventional SBE only, prototype SBE only, and both conventional and prototype SBEs. For each group, depth of insertion, procedure time, and number of EBDs were compared in the same patient at different time points. Results: The success rate of EBD was 88.3%. The 5- and 10-year cumulative surgery-free rate was 75.7% and 72.8%, respectively. Cox regression analysis indicated that the factors contributing to surgery were long stricture (≥2 cm), EBD failure, and elevated Crohn’s Disease Activity Index, but not the type of scope used for EBD. The prototype SBEs significantly improved the depth of insertion (P=0.03, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test). Conclusions: In CD patients with small intestinal stenosis, the prototype SBEs with a passive bending mechanism and high force transmission insertion tube did not improve long-term EBD outcome but did improve deep insertability. (Clinical Trial Registration No. UMIN000037102) (Intest Res 2020;18:229-237)
Masayuki Morohashi,Tatsuyoshi Saito,Masaaki Takahashi,Yayoi Inomata,Makoto Nakata,Masaki Ohno,Tomohiro Kose,Tsuyoshi Ohizumi,Ki-Cheol Shin,Ichiro Tayasu,Hiroyuki Sase 한국대기환경학회 2024 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.18 No.1
Trace elements released into the atmosphere by human activities, such as fossil fuel combustion, flow into forest ecosystems via wet and dry deposition and can flow out via mountainous stream water. The Kajikawa catchment site in Niigata Prefecture, located on the Sea of Japan side in central Japan, suffers from large amounts of acidic substance deposition due to its geographical conditions and meteorological seasonality and is affected by transboundary air pollution originating from the Asian continent due to northwesterly seasonal winds in winter. This study determined the concentrations of trace elements dissolved in precipitation and stream water to comprehensively evaluate the effects of transboundary air pollution on forest ecosystems. The results showed that the concentrations of trace elements and major inorganic ions in precipitation tended to be high in winter and low in summer. The fluxes of many trace elements also increased in winter, reflecting high precipitation amount. Except for Sr, the enrichment factors of the highly enriched trace elements did not show clear seasonality. Therefore, they were continuously influenced by anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, the stable Pb isotope ratio changed significantly during the observation period; however, this was not explained by seasonal changes. This study revealed that trace elements are transported to the Sea of Japan side in central Japan, especially in winter; however, their quantity and content change in response to changes in local and transboundary air pollution.