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Manas Sarkar,Ambadas Akulwad,Rajendra Kshirsagar 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4
The recent advancement in new generation fluorinated pyrethroids (e.g., transfluthrin, metofluthrin etc.), the use of semi-volatile vapour phase insecticides for control of mosquitoes and other domestic pests rises. Enabling the examination of the vapour toxicity profiles of these molecules and many other similar new generation molecules will provide new avenues for researchers for understanding the bio-potency in the spatial killing of pests. Hence, it is critical to establish a well-controlled portable vapour-phase bioassay method that can provide the desired precision, accuracy, linearity and robustness. In this respect, we have designed a vapour-toxicity apparatus comprising glass assemblies and developed a novel bioassay method. We found that KT 50 and percentage knockdown at 60 min reflect the concentration dependency. This validates and confirms that the method is sensitive enough to distinguish between concentrations and suitable for concentration-response experiments. We found that KT 50 and percentage knockdown at 60 min at a given concentration does not differ significantly between experiments. Hence, the method has repeatability and precision. Percentage mortality and total KT 50 against Culex quinquefasciatus shows that percentage mortality increases and KT 50 decreases linearly with the increasing concentration. This method provides an easy to operate tool to test the vapour toxicity profiles of any vapour phase insecticide molecules against mosquitoes and flying insects.
Roychowdhoury Satyabrata,Bhakta Subhajit,Mahapatra Manas Kumar,Ghosh Saptarshi,Saha Sayantika,Konar Mithun Chandra,Sarkar Mihir,Nandi Mousumi 대한소아청소년과학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.65 No.7
Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, lung ultrasonography (US) has been gaining importance in pediatric intensive care and emergency settings for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of pulmonary pathology.Purpose: To describe the pattern of lung US changes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and its potential role in monitoring ventilated patients.Methods: This prospective observational study included children aged 1 month to 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Lung US was performed using a high-frequency linear probe (5–12 MHz) in all children with moderate/severe respiratory symptoms within 24 hours of admission and then daily until the patient required oxygen therapy. Lung involvement severity was assessed using lung US scores, while lung aeration improvement or deterioration was measured using lung ultrasound reaeration scores (LUSReS).Results: Of 85 children with moderate to severe disease, 54 with pulmonary disease were included. Of them, 50 (92.5%) had an interstitial pattern, followed by pleural line abnormalities in 44 (81.5%), reduced or absent lung sliding in 31 (57.4%), and consolidation in 28 (51.8%). A significantly higher lung US score (median, 18; interquartile range [IQR], 11–22) was observed in ventilated versus nonventilated patients (median, 9; IQR, 6–11). LUSReS improvement after positive end-expiratory pressure titration was positively correlated with improved dynamic lung compliance and oxygenation indices and negatively correlated with the requirement for driving pressure. Successful weaning could be predicted with 100% specificity if loss of LUSReS ≤ 5.Conclusion: Interstitial syndrome, fragmented pleural line, and subpleural microconsolidation were the most prevalent lung US findings in children with COVID-19 pneumonia. Thus, lung US may have the ability to monitor changes in lung aeration caused by mechanical ventilation and predict its successful weaning in children with COVID-19.