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Economic and Political Implications of Non-military Sanctions in the Contemporary World
Manabu SHIMIZU 한국글로벌문화학회 2019 글로벌문화연구 Vol.10 No.1
이 논문은 21세기 세계경제 체제의 구조적 변화뿐만 아니라, 국제정치의 변화를 고려하여 이란에 중점을 두고 새로운 기능 및 현대 경제제재에 대한 영향을 분류하려는 시도이다. 특히, 미국 트럼프 정부 이후, 중국, 러시아 및 기타 신흥경제를 포함한 미국과 다른 경제 블록간 대립을 2016 이후의 최근 움직임을 면밀히 분석한다. 패권의 대결은 세계 경제의 새로운 단계와 세계에서 미국정치 및 경제 영향력의 현재 단계를 반영한다는 인식하에, 산업생산에서 미국 경제 지배력이 중국 및 기타 신흥 경제가 대표하는 신흥 경제의 심각한 문제에 직면해 있다는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 2017년의 시작부터 트럼프 행정부에서, 미국 주요 경제정책 도구로 매우 빈번하게 경제제재에 의지하여 주요국과의 외교수단으로 적용하고 있다. 그러나, 2018년 5월, 이란을 중심으로 집행되고 있는 제재 이니셔티브의 목표는 국제 정치 및 경제 체계에서 더 다양하고 추가적인 의미를 가지고 있기 때문이다. 이 논문은 이란에 대한 제재에 초점을 맞추고 세계화 시대의 미국의 대외정책을 방향과 전략을 논의하였다. This paper is an attempt to sort out new features and implications of contemporary sanctions by focusing mainly on Iran taking into account the changes in the international politics as well as structural transformation in the world economic system in the 21st century. We observe particularly since the latest presidential election of the United States in 2016 new waves of confrontation between the US and other economies including China, Russia, and other emerging economies. The confrontation reflects the new stages of world economy and the present stage of the US political and economic influence in the world. There is no denying the fact that US economic dominance, particularly, in the industrial production faces a serious challenge of the emerging economies represented by China and other emerging economies. Under the Trump administration since the beginning of 2017, the US takes recourse to economic sanctions quite often as major economic policy tools. However, the initiative of sanction was targeted since May 2018 mainly against Iran and it has wider and additional implications in the international political and economic framework, Therefore, this paper focus on sanctions on Iran, taking into secondary influence so not her countries.
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Manabu Akahane,Takamasa Shimizu,Yusuke Inagaki,Tsutomu Kira,Takuya Egawa,Akinori Okuda,Tadanobu Onishi,Tomoaki Imamura,Yasuhito Tanaka 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2018 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.15 No.1
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteogenesis ability of osteogenic matrix cell sheets (OMCS) derived from old donor cells. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were obtained from young (7-week-old) and old (1-yearold) Fischer344 rats donors and cultured with modified Eagle’s medium (MEM group) alone or containing dexamethasone (Dex; 10 nM) and ascorbic acid phosphate (AscP; 0.28 mM) (Dex/AscP group). We prepared four in vitro experimental groups: (1) young MEM, (2) young Dex/AscP, (3) old MEM and (4) old Dex/AscP. Cell proliferation and osteogenic marker mRNA expression levels were evaluated in vitro. To assess bone formation in vivo, the cells of each group were combined with beta tricalcium phosphate (TCP) disks followed by implantation in recipient rats. The in vitro study showed significant differences in the mRNA expression of osteocalcin, ALP, and BMP2 between MEM and Dex/AscP groups. Bone formation following implantation was observed upon histological analyses of all groups. TCP combined with OMCS (OMCS/TCP group) resulted in enhanced bone formation compared to that following combination with BMSC (BMSC/ TCP). The osteocalcin content of the OMCS/TCP group 4 weeks after implantation was significantly higher than that in the BMSC/TCP construct for both young and old donors. The present study clearly indicated that OMCS could be generated from BMSCs of old as well as young donors using a mechanical retrieval method. Thus, through its usage of OMCS, this method may represent a potentially effective therapeutic option for cell-based therapy in elderly patients.
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淸水學,심의섭 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1996 중동연구 Vol.15 No.2
This paper is consisted of Two parts ; Characteristics of Israeli economy in par I and new business environment and foreign economic policy in Israel under the peace process in part Ⅱ. In part I the topics discussed are 1) peace process and Israeli economy, 2) peace mood and Israeli economy, 3) structural adjustment and Israeli economy, 4) social zionism and Israeli economy system, 5) the role of incentives of capital investment policy, 6) capital market and role of bank, 7) privatization of national corporation and anti-monopoly economic policy, and 8) current economic issues. In part Ⅱ, the subject discussed are 1) the Characteristics of foreign economic relationship of Israel, 2) abolishment of Arab Boycott policy, 3) more active business cooperation between Europe and Israel, and free trade agreements between EC and Israel, and USA and Israel, 4) Israel government stress the rising Asian and Pacific market, 5) trade between Palestine Region and Israel, 6) Israel commodities in the Arab market before Oslo Agreement, 7) deeping economic relations between Russia and Israel, and 8) Israeli economy development strategies.
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Kawahara, Manabu,Wakai, Takuya,Yamanaka, Ken-Ichi,Kobayashi, Jin,Sugimura, Satoshi,Shimizu, Takashi,Matsumoto, Hiromichi,Kim, Jin-Hoi,Sasada, Hiroshi,Sato, Eimei BioScientifica 2005 Reproduction Vol.130 No.3
<P>When the nucleus in G0/G1 phase is transferred to an enucleated oocyte by nuclear transfer (NT), its nuclear envelope is broken, followed by condensation of chromosome structure by maturation promoting factor (MPF). This morphological remodeling of the transferred interphase nucleus seems to be essential for subsequent development of NT embryos. In this study, we treated porcine NT embryos with caffeine, which has been reported to increase MPF activity, to keep their MPF level high during NT. When 2.5 mM caffeine was added to the handling medium, the proportion of NT embryos showing condensed chromosome increased significantly (P < 0.05). In NT embryos treated with caffeine, the activity of p34(cdc2) kinase was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in those without caffeine at 3 h post-injection. In addition, the rate of development to the blastocyst stage after activation was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in NT embryos treated with caffeine. These results indicate that caffeine treatment can increase not only the rate of chromosome condensation but also the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage of porcine NT embryos. This action is most likely due to the support/increase of MPF activity throughout the process of NT.</P>
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