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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Makoto Takizawa (검색결과 5 건)
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Diesel Exhaust Particles and Asthma
Makoto KuranoHajime Takizawa 대한천식알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.3
It has been demonstrated that particulate air pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), are related to allergic respiratory disorders including asthma and allergic rhinitis by extensive epidemiological studies. To perform environmental control with good cost-effective performance, it is crucial to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of effects of particulate pollutants. In vivo and in vitro studies so far strongly suggest that DEP may induce both anti- and pro-inflammatory compounds by activating their transcription. In conjunction with allergen, diesel exhaust particles can act as an adjuvant to enhance IgE antibody responses, and induce T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokine, chemokine and adhesion molecule expression. Studies have elucidated that DEP activate several signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinases and transcription factors especially NFkappaB, and these effects are thought to be via production of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants reduce the allergic inflammatory effects of diesel exhaust particles in vitro and in mice. Therefore, host responses to DEP might be regulated by balance between antioxidants and proinflammatory responses. Recent human studies highlighted a possibility of chemoprevention against DEP-induced health effect in susceptible people.
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Shinkai Takumi,Takizawa Shuhei,Fujimori Miho,Mitsumori Makoto 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.2
Ruminal methane production functions as the main sink for metabolic hydrogen generated through rumen fermentation and is recognized as a considerable source of greenhouse gas emissions. Methane production is a complex trait affected by dry matter intake, feed composition, rumen microbiota and their fermentation, lactation stage, host genetics, and environmental factors. Various mitigation approaches have been proposed. Because individual ruminants exhibit different methane conversion efficiencies, the microbial characteristics of low-methane-emitting animals can be essential for successful rumen manipulation and environment-friendly methane mitigation. Several bacterial species, including <i>Sharpea</i>, uncharacterized Succinivibrionaceae, and certain <i>Prevotella</i> phylotypes have been listed as key players in low-methane-emitting sheep and cows. The functional characteristics of the unclassified bacteria remain unclear, as they are yet to be cultured. Here, we review ruminal methane production and mitigation strategies, focusing on rumen fermentation and the functional role of rumen microbiota, and describe the phylogenetic and physiological characteristics of a novel <i>Prevotella</i> species recently isolated from low methane-emitting and high propionate-producing cows. This review may help to provide a better understanding of the ruminal digestion process and rumen function to identify holistic and environmentally friendly methane mitigation approaches for sustainable ruminant production. Ruminal methane production functions as the main sink for metabolic hydrogen generated through rumen fermentation and is recognized as a considerable source of greenhouse gas emissions. Methane production is a complex trait affected by dry matter intake, feed composition, rumen microbiota and their fermentation, lactation stage, host genetics, and environmental factors. Various mitigation approaches have been proposed. Because individual ruminants exhibit different methane conversion efficiencies, the microbial characteristics of low-methane-emitting animals can be essential for successful rumen manipulation and environment-friendly methane mitigation. Several bacterial species, including Sharpea, uncharacterized Succinivibrionaceae, and certain Prevotella phylotypes have been listed as key players in low-methane-emitting sheep and cows. The functional characteristics of the unclassified bacteria remain unclear, as they are yet to be cultured. Here, we review ruminal methane production and mitigation strategies, focusing on rumen fermentation and the functional role of rumen microbiota, and describe the phylogenetic and physiological characteristics of a novel Prevotella species recently isolated from low methane-emitting and high propionate-producing cows. This review may help to provide a better understanding of the ruminal digestion process and rumen function to identify holistic and environmentally friendly methane mitigation approaches for sustainable ruminant production.
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