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Mahfuz, Shad,Song, Hui,Liu, Zhongjun,Liu, Xinyu,Diao, Zipeng,Ren, Guihong,Guo, Zhixin,Cui, Yan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.5
Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem waste (FVW), on organic eggs production, calcium utilization, antibody response, serum immunoglobulin, and serum cytokine concentration at early phase of production in laying hens. Methods: A total 210, 19 weeks old aged ISA Brown layers were randomly assigned into 5 equal treatment groups, with 7 replications of 6 hens each. Dietary treatment included a standard basal diet as control; antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin); 2% FVW; 4% FVW; and 6% FVW. The experimental duration was 10 weeks. Results: There was no significant differences (p>0.05) on hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among experimental groups. Unmarketable eggs were significantly lower (p<0.05) both in 4% FVW and 6% FVW fed groups than control group. The calcium retention and calcium in egg shell deposition were significantly higher (p<0.05) in FVW inclusion groups than control and antibiotic groups. Antibody titers against Newcastle diseases were significantly higher (p<0.05) in 6% FVW fed group (except combined with 4% FVW at day 147) and infectious bronchitis were significantly higher (p<0.05) in FVW fed groups (except 2% FVW and 4% FVW at day 161) than control and antibiotic groups. Serum immunoglobulin sIgA was significantly higher (p<0.05) in all levels of FVW and IgG was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 4% FVW than control and antibiotic groups. Serum cytokine concentration interleukin-2 (IL-2) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 6% FVW; IL-6 and tumor necrotic $factor-{\alpha}$ were significantly higher (p<0.05) both in 4% FVW and 6% FVW than control and antibiotic groups; IL-4 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in antibiotic, 2% FVW and 4% FVW fed groups than control. Conclusion: F. velutipes mushroom waste can be used as a novel substitute for antibiotic for organic egg production and sound health status in laying hens.
Renewable Energy Sources: a Novel Technology for Eco-friendly and Sustainable Pig Production
문홍석,Ampode Keiven Mark B.,DILAWAR MUHAMMAD AMMAR,Mahfuz Shad,CHEM VEASNA,김영화,문종필,양철주 한국농업기계학회 2022 바이오시스템공학 Vol.47 No.4
Purpose Renewable technologies are considered a clean energy source, providing an excellent opportunity to reduce global warming and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by substituting conventional energy sources based on natural resources. This study compared the efects of diferent renewable energy sources on the internal pig house environment, harmful gas emissions, energy-saving efciency, and productivity traits of growing pigs. Methods Thirty heads of pigs [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] were raised for 10 weeks in pig incubators connected with a conventional electric heating system (control), solar power system (SPS), and geothermal heat pump (GHP) energy sources for pig housing heating systems. Results The results revealed no signifcant diference in the growth performance parameters. Numerically, the highest feed intake and weight gain were recorded in the pigs reared in the GHP-connected incubators. The temperature inside the incubators did not signifcantly afect the internal environmental housing conditions. Moreover, the humidity (%) was signifcantly reduced in the GHP-connected pig incubator, but no signifcant diference was recorded in the temperature-humidity index in all incubators. The concentrations of H2S, NH3, and CO2 emissions decreased in the GHP-connected incubator. The energysaving efciency compared to the control was 21.12% for SPS and 57.32% for GHP. The relationship between feed intake and internal housing temperature and humidity of all energy sources for heating systems showed strong positive correlations with R2=0.88–0.90 and R2=0.84–0.88, respectively. Conclusion Renewable energy technologies are environmentally friendly and can be used in pig farms without adverse efects on pig production performance.